R - social responsibility human relationships results

madsen 2007

The amount of time spent in the painful position increased with relatedness as a general trend. Participants were more ready to main the position for themselves than their parents, their parents than their grandparents and so on. This effect of kinship was transcultural.

levine

showed that the participants were 3 times less likely to help the confederate wearing the pain shirt of the Liverpool FC shirt, and the level of helping was similar with plain and Liverpool shirts.

simmons

86% of parents saif they would donate a kidney while 47% of siblings said they would

masten

when observing social exclusion, highly empathic individuals activated the medial prefrontal cortex (forms mental representations) and the anterior insula (a region associated with social pain). Empathy-related activity in the brain was correlated with prosocial behaviour toward the victim.

toi and batson 1982

low empathy participants reported feeling less empathetic towards her and helped less when easy-escape was an option. High empathy condition felt more empathetic and had higher helping behaviours even in the easy-escape group

duclous and barasch

Participants in the interdependent group reported having friends or family in more than independents who thought more about themselves. Interdependents were more likely to donate to in-group than to out-group members. Likert scale scores: in-group, 3.07/7, out-group, 2.41/7.  No sig difference for independent group

darley and latane 1968

When participants thought they were the only group member, 85% rushed to help. When they thought there was one other person, this dropped to 65%. And when they thought there were four other people, the figure dropped to 31%.

flook

The intervention condition: a larger increase in teacher-reported social competence; were significantly more likely to share their stickers (consistent with different ages and genders); had higher end-of-school year marks in learning, social-emotional development and health; small increase in the ability to delay gratification. Both conditions: no differences with cognition/general knowledge/language development/communication (end of year results). No significant difference with both executive function tasks.

deeleuw

 Children in experimental condition were significantly more likely to be willing to help in a UNICEF project at school. Children in the experimental condition also donated significantly more money than those in the control condition.

Pilivan

Overall, 78% helped. Someone helped spontaneously 62/65 trials (time taken 5s) injured condition and19/38 trials (time taken 109s) drunk condition. 60% of the time, more than one helper was involved, 90% of helpers were men. Showed no inter-racial difference (African and White). Diffusion of responsibility was not observed, but results showed that the larger the group, the quicker the help.

warneken

50/50

imuta

meta-analysis