PROCESS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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11 Terms
What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?
transcription- DNA to mRNA
translation- mRNA to a protein
Where does transcription happen?
in the nucleus
What happens during transcription?
The DNA double helix unwinds and the two strands separate.
One DNA strand acts as the template.
RNA nucleotides pair with the exposed DNA bases.
Uracil (U) is used instead of thymine (T).
An mRNA strand is formed.
The mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome.
transcription base-pairing rules
DNA A → RNA U
DNA T → RNA A
DNA C → RNA G
DNA G → RNA C
translation occurs in….
a ribosome in the cytoplasm
translation process
The mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
The ribosome reads the mRNA in groups of 3 bases, called codons.
tRNA molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome.
Each tRNA has an anticodon complementary to an mRNA codon.
The amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds.
A polypeptide chain is formed.
The chain folds into a specific protein.
the role of tRNA?
tRNA carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome and uses its anticodon to match the correct mRNA codon.
What is a codon?
3 bases on mRNA that code for a specific amino acid
What is an anticodon?
3 bases on tRNA that are complimentary to a mRNA codon
What joins amino acids together?
peptide bonds
Describe the process of protein synthesis.
DNA → mRNA → ribosome → codons → tRNA + amino acids → peptide bonds → polypeptide → protein