Osteology

Osteology

Study of bones.

Organic Framework

Composed of 30-35% protein collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) containing chondroitin sulfate.

Inorganic Framework

Composed of 65-70% minerals, primarily calcium orthophosphates (80%), calcium carbonate, and magnesium phosphate (20%).

Bones

Involved in movement, support of skeletal muscles, mineral production, and blood cell formation.

Diaphysis

The cylindrical shaft of a long bone.

Epiphysis

The two expanded extremities of a long bone.

Metaphysis

The junction between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

Epiphyseal Plate

Formed by hyaline cartilage, located between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

Periosteum

The outer lining of a bone.

Endosteum

The inner lining of a bone.

Medullary Cavity

The space within a bone that houses bone marrow.

Bone Marrow

The site for hematopoiesis (blood cell formation).

Compact Bone

Hard bone tissue located at the diaphysis of a long bone.

Nutrient Foramen

An opening where nutrients enter the bone marrow.

Cancellous Bone

Soft, spongy bone tissue located at the metaphysis.

Long Bones

Function as levers

Short Bones

Provide shock absorption

Flat Bones

Serve protective functions and muscle attachment;

Irregular Bones

Have irregular shapes for support and ligament attachment

Pneumatic Bones

Hollow bones connected to birds’ respiratory systems

Sesamoid Bones

Resemble sesame seeds

Axial Skeleton

Comprises bones along the longitudinal axis,

Appendicular Skeleton

Comprises the bones of the appendages

Splanchnic Skeleton

Bones found in soft internal organs

Os penis

Splanchnic skeleton present in the penis of a dog

Os cordis

Splanchnic skeleton present in the heart of ox

Os rostri

Splanchnic skeleton present in the snout of a pig

Os entoglossum

Splanchnic skeleton present in the skull of a chicken

Patella/ Kneecap

Largest sesamoid bone

Glycosaminoglycan/ GAG

Contains chondroitin sulfate

Calcium orthophosphate

80% of the inorganic framework of bones

Magnesium phosphate

20% of the inorganic framework of bones

Protein Collagen, polysaccharide

Comprises the organic framework of bones