UNIT 4 SCIENCE TEST

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label the parts of the wave

a. crest

b. amplitude

c. trough

d. wavelength

what are the types of EM waves?

radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray

what is the difference between frequency and amplitude?

Frequency refers to the number of wave cycles passing a point per second, and the amplitude is the maximum displacement of the
wave from its rest position.

how is frequency and energy related?

Frequency and energy are directly proportional, meaning a higher-frequency wave carries more energy.

What is a wavelength?

The distance between two corresponding points on a wave, such as from crest to crest, or trough to trough.

How are wavelength, frequency, and energy related?

Wavelength and frequency are inversely related. Longer wavelength means lower frequency, and shorter wavelength means increased frequency.

What are the three types of waves and how do they move?

Transverse waves have particles moving perpendicular to the wave direction, while longitudinal waves have particles moving parallel to the wave direction. Surface waves are the third type of wave and are a combination of the other two types.

what is an example for radiowaves?

radio, garage door opener, TV

what is an example for microwaves?

microwaves, cell phones, satellite communication

what is an example for infrared waves?

remote controls, thermographs

what is an example of visible light

red, orange, yellow, green blue, indigo, violet

what is an example for UV waves?

sterilization, causes sunburn, can cause cancer cells

what is an example of gamma rays?

killing cells and creating cancerous cells

what is an example of an x-ray?

images of bones

What is the distance from the crest to the trough of a wave in terms of
amplitude?

The distance from the crest to the trough of a wave is twice the amplitude, meaning the wave height is equivalent to two times the amplitude

what is a medium

the material of which a wave travels

what is the hr diagram and how does it organize stars

The HR diagram plots stars by their surface temperature and luminosity

how does the hr diagram organize stars

Based on their characteristics and life stages,
with most stars falling along a diagonal band called the main sequence

How can a low-mass star be classified through its life cycle on the
Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram?

Main sequence→ red giant→ white dwarf

What are the different Life Cycles of stars? How do you know which cycle a star will follow?

High mass vs low mass and it is easy to determine by color. Blue and sometimes blue white are high mass. All others are low mass.

What happens to stars when they die?

A low-mass star will shed its
outer layers (red giant stage) and become a white dwarf. A high-mass star, however, will supernova before either turning into a neutron star or a black hole

How does a star’s size and temperature affect its brightness?

Size and temperature help determine the brightness because it is a measure of how much energy the star puts out. Therefore, the greater the surface area and the greater the temperature, the brighter the star.

What must a hypothesis be in order to be considered valid?

A valid hypothesis should be testable and written in an if/then format.

What are units used to measure volume?

Depending on what is being measured, volume is measured in liters, milliliters, and cm3

Describe the similarities and differences of primary and secondary
succession?

Both types of succession are characterized by ecosystems striving to reach a climax community with a great range of biodiversity. Both processes take a long time, though primary succession takes much longer. This is due to the fact that in primary succession no soil is present and rock must be broken down to create soil by pioneer species such as lichen.

What are some causes of primary and secondary succession?

Primary succession takes place after volcanic eruptions, glacial movement, and landslides. Secondary succession takes place after fires, floods, and plowing the land.