Unit 4 exam expectations

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Permeability

Ability of soil to transmit water.

Manure

Organic fertilizer from decomposed animal waste.

Temperature inversion

Warm air trapping cooler air beneath it.

Water recharge

Replenishment of groundwater by infiltration.

Troposphere

The atmospheric layer where weather occurs.

O Horizon

Organic-rich surface layer of soil.

A Horizon

Topsoil containing minerals and humus.

B Horizon

Subsoil where minerals accumulate.

C Horizon

Weathered parent material.

Stratosphere

Where the protective ozone layer is found.

Clay

Smallest soil particle size.

Silt

Mid-sized soil particle.

Sand

Largest soil particle; drains fastest.

Hadley Cell

Atmospheric circulation rising at equator, sinking at 30°.

Upwelling

Nutrient-rich deep water rising to surface.

Loam

Ideal soil mix of sand, silt, and clay.

Primary succession

Ecosystem development starting from bare rock.

Transform boundary

Plates slide past; cause earthquakes.

Convergent boundary

Plates collide; mountains/volcanoes form.

Divergent boundary

Plates move apart; mid-ocean ridge forms.

Subduction

One plate sinks under another, volcanoes.

Tsunami

Large wave caused by underwater plate movement.

Greenhouse gas

Gas that traps heat in atmosphere.

Desert latitudes (30° N/S)

Regions where descending dry air creates deserts.