Introduction to Readings in Philippine History and Indigenous Studies

Flashcards covering introductory concepts of Philippine history, geography, naming conventions, government structure, and national symbols based on the lecture notes.

Historia

Knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation.

History (as a discipline)

A field of study existing for around $2,400$ years that is considered as old as mathematics and philosophy.

Philippine Archipelago

A group of $7,641$ islands stretching from the south of China to the northern tip of Borneo.

Y'ami Island

The northernmost island in the Philippines.

Saluag Island

The southernmost island in the Philippines.

Luzon Strait

The body of water located to the North of the Philippines.

West Philippine Sea

The body of water located to the West of the Philippines.

Pacific Ocean

The body of water located to the East of the Philippines.

Celebes Sea

The body of water located to the South of the Philippines.

Ma-yi

The name used in $982\text{ A.D.}$ by the Sung Dynasty, meaning land of gold.

Chau Ju Kua

A Chinese trade official in $1225$ who used the term Mai or Mayi.

Islas de San Lazaro

The name given to the Philippines by Ferdinand Magellan in $1521$, meaning Island of St. Lazarus.

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos

The explorer who in $1543$ named the islands Felipinas in honor of Prince Philip (King Philip II).

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

The first Governor General of the Philippines, appointed in $1565$.

Fr. Juan Delgado

The individual who referred to the Philippines as the Pearl of the Orient in $1751$.

Rizaline Republic

The name proposed for the country by Artemio Ricarte.

Maharlika

The name proposed for the country by Ferdinand Marcos.

Executive Branch

The branch of government that enforces and implements laws, headed by the President and Vice President.

Legislative Branch

A bicameral legislature authorized to enact, amend, and repeal laws, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Judicial Branch

The branch headed by the Supreme Court that settles legal disputes and interprets laws.

White Triangle (Philippine Flag)

Signifies the emblem of the Katipunan, the secret society that opposed Spanish rule.

Three Stars (Philippine Flag)

Represents the three principal islands of the Archipelago: Luzon, Panay (Visayas), and Mindanao.

8 Rays of the Sun (Philippine Flag)

Symbolizes the eight provinces that revolted against Spain: Manila, Bulacan, Tarlac, Cavite, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, and Batangas.

Blue, Red, and White (Flag Colors)

Blue stands for peace, truth, and justice; Red for patriotism and valor; White for liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Primary Sources

Materials produced by eyewitnesses or those present at the time of an event, including written, oral, visual, audio-visual, and digital formats.