Chemistry for the Life Sciences Flashcards

Flashcards to review key concepts from the Chemistry for the Life Sciences study guide.

What is an element?

A substance containing only one kind of atom.

What is a compound?

A substance containing two or more different kinds of atoms combined in fixed proportions.

What is filtration?

The process by which an undissolved solid is separated from a liquid.

What is distillation?

The process by which a liquid is obtained from a solution containing two liquids.

What is a mixture?

A combination of substances not chemically combined.

What are the symbols for barium, copper and silver?

Ba, Cu, Ag

What are the names of elements with the symbols Br, Fe, K, Mg, Zn, P?

Bromine, iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus

What is the name for SO3?

Sulfur trioxide

What is the name for NH3?

Ammonia

What is the formula for nitrogen trichloride?

NCl3

What is the formula for phosphorus trichloride?

PCl3

What is the formula for hydrogen sulfide?

H2S

What are the formulas for the fluoride, carbonate, nitrite, iron(III), ammonium and sulfate ions?

F-, CO32-, NO2 -, Fe3+, NH4+, SO42-

What are the names for the ions Fe2+, I-, K+, NO3 -, Zn2+, HPO42-, Cr3+, SO42-?

iron(II), iodide, potassium, nitrate, zinc, hydrogen phosphate, chromium(III), sulfate

What are the formulas for the ionic compounds which form between the following ions: Na+ and NO2 -, K+ and I-, Hg2+ and CN-, Al3+ and OH-, Ca2+ and MnO4 -, NH4+ and SO42-, Fe3+ and O2-, Mg2+ and PO43-?

NaNO2, KI, Hg(CN)2, Al(OH)3, Ca(MnO4)2, (NH4)2SO4, Fe2O3, Mg3(PO4)2

What are the names of the ionic compounds: Mg(HSO4)2, ZnO, Na2SO4, KMnO4, Ca(HCO3)2, NaHSO3, Cu2O?

Magnesium hydrogensulfate, zinc oxide, sodium sulfate, potassium permanganate, calcium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogensulfite, copper(I) oxide

What are the formulas of the following ionic compounds: ammonium sulfide, copper(II) nitrate, calcium sulfite, lead(II) fluoride, iron(II) carbonate, aluminium sulfate, magnesium sulfide?

(NH4)2S, Cu(NO3)2, CaSO3, PbF2, FeCO3, Al2(SO4)3, MgS

What are the postulates of Dalton’s Atomic Theory?

All matter consists of extremely small particles called atoms. Atoms are indivisible. All atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms of one element are different from atoms of all other elements. Compounds form when atoms of more than one element combine. When atoms combine, they do so in fixed and definite ratio.

What is an isotope?

Two or more forms of an element whose atoms have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

What is the valence electron configuration for elements in group 1?

ns1

What is the valence electron configuration for elements in group 6?

ns2 np4

What is meant by valence electrons?

Those in the outermost (highest energy) principal energy level. They determine the combining power of the atom.

The electron configuration of _is particularly stable.

noble gases

This usually (apart from helium) consists of a valence electron configuration of and is called an electron.

s2p6 or 8

A mole is the amount of substance which contains:

Avogadro’s number (ie. 6.02 x 1023) of units/particles of the substance

What is the symbol for the unit 'mole' ?

mol

What is the molar mass (M) of Ca3(PO4)2?

3 40.08 + 2 (30.97 + 64.00) = 310.18 g mol-1

In the formula n = m/M, what is n and its units?

number of moles (mol)

In the formula n = m/M, what is m and its units?

mass (g)

In the formula n = m/M, what is M and its units?

molar mass (g mol-1)

What is the balanced equation for aluminium + oxygen gas -> aluminium oxide?

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) -> 2Al2O3(s)

What is the balanced equation for calcium + hydrogen chloride -> calcium chloride + hydrogen?

Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)

What is the balanced equation for octane (C8H18) + oxygen gas -> carbon dioxide + water?

2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) -> 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)

List the postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases

Particles are in constant motion, collide with one another, pressure is due to collisions with walls of container, collisions between particles are elastic, volume of particles is small, there are no forces between particles, kinetic energy of particles is proportional to absolute temperature

What is the laboratory test for oxygen?

glowing splint test – where the glowing splint bursts into flame

What is the laboratory test for hydrogen?

pop test – test tube of hydrogen “pops” (small explosion) when flame applied

What is the laboratory test for carbon dioxide ?

limewater test – carbon dioxide turns limewater milky

List four major environmental issues associated with the atmosphere

Photochemical smog, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect, Acid rain

Define ionization energy。

Energy required to remove electron from an of an element in the gas state.

Define electronegativity。

Measure the relative tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons to itself.

Elements in group ___of the periodic table generally have the lowest ionisation energies.

I

Elements in group ____of the periodic table generally have the highest electronegativities.

VII

List the elements Al, Si and P in increasing order of first ionization energy.

Al < Si < P

List the elements F, Cl, Br and I in increasing order of electronegativity.

I < Br < Cl < F

In ionic and covalent bonding the atoms involved usually achieve electron configuration.

a noble

group I elements tend to gain or lose electrons.

lose

group VI elements tend to gain or lose electrons.

gain

The electrons are completely transferred from atom to another for_bond

ionic

The electrons are shared between the atoms for _bond

covalent

ionic solids are hard and ____

brittle

An atom’s electron-attracting ability is called

Electronegativity