Cell Division Study

What is cell division?

The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.

What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes?

Somatic cells are body cells and are diploid; gametes are sex cells (sperm and egg) and are haploid.

What is a zygote?

A fertilized egg formed by the union of a sperm and egg cell.

What are three reasons why cell division occurs?

Growth, repair, and reproduction.

Draw a chromosome and label its parts.

(Not applicable in text format—include labels: chromatid, centromere, telomere.)

How many chromosomes does a normal human somatic cell have and how many does a gamete have?

Somatic cell: 46 chromosomes; Gamete: 23 chromosomes.

What is cancer?

Uncontrolled cell division.

What are prokaryotic cells and how do they divide?

Cells without a nucleus; they divide by binary fission.

What is the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell?

Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes; diploid cells have two sets.

If a fruit fly has 16 chromosomes in their somatic cells, how many chromosomes do their gametes have?

8 chromosomes.

What is the correct order of the different phases of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Quickly sketch the position of the chromosomes in each phase of mitosis?

(Not applicable in text format—sketch includes chromosomes aligned, separated, etc.)

Define Mitosis and Meiosis.

Mitosis: cell division producing identical cells. Meiosis: cell division producing gametes with half the chromosomes.

What are three differences between Mitosis and Meiosis?

Mitosis: 1 division, 2 identical cells, diploid. Meiosis: 2 divisions, 4 unique cells, haploid.

What is a Karyotype?

A visual representation of chromosomes arranged in pairs.

What happens during the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle?

G1: cell grows; G2: preparation for division.

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

DNA is replicated.

How did you calculate the percent of cells in each phase during our mitosis lab?

(Total cells in phase ÷ Total cells counted) × 100.

How many chromosomes do people with Down syndrome have?

47 chromosomes (an extra chromosome 21).

What is crossing over and in which phase of meiosis does it occur?

Exchange of genetic material; occurs in Prophase I.

What are two differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Spermatogenesis produces 4 sperm; oogenesis produces 1 egg and 3 polar bodies.

What are polar bodies?

Small cells produced during oogenesis that do not become eggs.

How much DNA in a zygote comes from each parent?

50% from each parent.

In our mitosis lab, what type of graph did you use to graph the percentage of cells in each phase?

Bar graph.

What are the sex chromosomes in males vs. females?

Males: XY; Females: XX.