Cardiovascular System Reviewer Flashcards

Flashcards based on the Cardiovascular System Reviewer notes, covering heart structure, function, blood vessels, circulation, and related physiology.

What two components make up the Cardiovascular System?

The heart and the circulatory system

What is the function of the heart?

Managing blood supply, producing blood pressure, securing one-way blood flow, and transmitting blood

What is the mediastinum?

The medial section of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located.

Describe the location of the apex of the heart.

Directed toward the left hip, resting on the diaphragm at the 5th intercostal space.

Describe the location of the base of the heart.

Found where major vessels meet, pointing toward the shoulder, beneath the 2nd rib.

What are the layers of the pericardium?

Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium (parietal and visceral layers)

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

What is the myocardium?

The contractile part of the heart, containing cardiac muscle with intercalated discs.

What is the endocardium?

The innermost layer of the heart, a thin sheet of endothelium lining the heart chambers.

What are the receiving chambers of the heart?

The left and right atria

What are the discharging chambers of the heart?

The left and right ventricles

What is the septum?

The structure that divides the heart longitudinally.

What is the role of the chordae tendineae?

Anchor the cusps of the heart valves to the walls of the ventricles.

What type of blood does the superior and inferior vena cava contain?

Deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body.

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries?

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to remove CO2 and absorb oxygen.

What is the function of the pulmonary veins?

Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left side of the heart.

What is the aorta's function?

Pumps blood throughout the body tissues.

What is the function of the Atrioventricular Valves (AV)?

Valves between atrial and ventricular chambers that prevents backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract

What is the function of the Semilunar Valves (SV)?

Guards the bases of the two large arteries (Pulmonary Artery and Aorta) leaving the ventricular chambers.

What are Arteries?

Blood vessels that carries the blood away from the heart

What are Veins?

Blood vessels that usually carries deoxygenated blood, and brings the deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

What is the Pulmonary Circuit?

System of blood vessels towards the lungs and back to heart

What is the Systemic Circuit?

System of blood vessels towards the body system and back to the heart

What are the 3 layers of the Blood Vessels?

Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Externa

What does the Coronary Arteries do?

R/L coronary arteries that serves the heart

What are the arterial branches of the Aortic Arch?

Brachiocephalic Trunk, Left Common carotid artery, Left subclavian artery

What are the branches of the Celiac trunk?

Left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery

What does the Superior mesenteric artery supply?

Supplies most of the small intestine and 1st half of the large intestine

What are the Veins draining into the Superior Vena Cava?

Radial and ulnar veins, Cephalic vein, Basilic vein, Median cubital vein, Subclavian Vein, Vertebral vein, Internal Jugular Veins, Brachiocephalic veins, Azygos vein

What are the Veins Draining into the Inferior Vena Cava?

Tibial and Fibular veins, Great Saphenous veins, Common Iliac vein, Gonadal Veins, Renal Veins, Hepatic Portal vein, Hepatic Vein

What is the Intrinsic Conduction System?

Found into the heart tissue to set the basic rhythm, Composition: a special tissue, Function: causes heart muscle depolarization in only one direction (atria to the ventricles)

What is the Sinoatrial (SA) Node?

The pacemaker of the heart

What is Systole?

Heart Contraction

What is Diastole?

Heart relaxtion

What is stroke volume?

Volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat

What does the Starling’s law state?

How the cardiac muscle cells are stretched before they contract affects the stroke volume

What is Arterial pulse?

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave-a pulse- that travels through the entire arterial system.

What does Hypertension indicate?

High Blood Pressure

What does peripheral resistance indicate?

Is the amount of friction the blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels

State the Renal Factors that affect Blood Pressure?

Kidneys play a major role in regulating arterial blood pressure by altering blood volume when blood pressure increases beyond normal, the kidneys allow more water to leave the body in the urine, then blood volume decreases which in turn decreases blood pressure

What are the blood circulation pathway through the heart?

1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava 2. Right Atrium 3. Tricuspid valve 4. Right Ventricle 5. Pulmonary Valve 6. Pulmonary Artery 7. Lungs 8. Pulmonary Veins 9. Left Atrium 10. Bicuspid (Mitral Valve) 11. Left Ventricle 12. Aortic Valve 13. Aorta 14. To the body

What is Pericarditis?

Inflammation of the pericardium, results to decrease in the amount of serous fluid

What are the Congenital Heart defects?

Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Atrial septal defect, Ventricular septal defect