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LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
USGBC
United States Green Building Council
Reasons for LEED
LEED Certification Levels
LEED Certified, Silver Level, Gold Level, Platinum level
Sensitive Lands in LEED
Agricultural, Flood Plains, Land Containing Endangered Species, Land Within 100 Ft of Water, Natural Habitats, Former Public Parks
Brownfield
Abandoned contaminated land
Location & Transportation Credit 5
Access to Quality Transit
Location & Transportation Credit 5 intent
Reduce car emissions
Location & Transportation Credit 5 requirement
Identify transport options near public transit
Sustainable Sites Credit 2
Site Development - Protect and Restore Habitat
Sustainable Sites Credit 2 intent
Increase animal ecosystems
Sustainable Sites Credit 2 requirement
Use roofs for wildlife and manage stormwater
Sustainable Sites Credit 5
Heat Island Reduction
Sustainable Sites Credit 5 intent
Reduce heat island effects
Sustainable Sites Credit 5 requirement
Provide shade or cover 75% of parking spaces
Sustainable Sites Credit 6
Light Pollution
Sustainable Sites Credit 6 intent
Reduce light pollution
Sustainable Sites Credit 6 requirement
Keep interior lighting inside, auto-off non-emergency lights
Five materials that must be recycled in a LEED certified project
Paper, Metals, Glass, Corrugated Cardboard, Plastics
Concrete Ingredients
Water, Sand, Gravel, Portland Cement, Air
Portland Cement
Pulverized Lime, Silica, Alumina, Iron
5 Types of Portland Cement
I (normal), II(moderate), III(high early strength), IV(low heat), V(sulfate resisting)
Fine vs Coarse
Fine < 1/4 inch, Coarse > 1/4 inch
How is Concrete Reinforced
Strengthening with steel bars
Control Joints
Prevent uncontrolled cracking
Expansion Joints
Allow concrete flexibility
Slump Test
Measures concrete workability
Concrete Finishing Steps
Bleeding, Screeding, Leveling, Edging, Jointing, Floating, Troweling, Broom Finish
Concrete Cure Time
28 days for full strength
Pre Cast Concrete Advantages and Disadvantages
Pros: manufactured in a controlled environment, efficient quality control and management, does not require a large land area, and how weather conditions are not a factor.
Cons: may not always be delivered on time for construction time, delivery costs, and needs a small error margin to perfectly fit the entire design.
Cast in Place Concrete Advantages and Disadvantages
Pros: no delivery needed, versatility with computer modeling, and allowing builders leeway to design precise and customizable forms for the structure.
Cons: Its disadvantages though are its lengthy time set-up, space usage, and uncertainty of quality, and the use of intense labor.
CMUs in Built Environment
Easy, cheap, lightweight, durable, fire-resistant
Clay Masonry Units in Built Environment
Easy, cheap, lightweight, durable, fire-resistant
Frogged and Cored Brick purpose
Used in building construction
CMU and Brick Modular Dimensions
Standard sizes for industrial use
Architectural Design per CMU Course
If you have an even measure on the design, you could add either 8” or 0” to the design. If you have an odd measure, you will add 4”.
Vertical Bricks per CMU
3 bricks per CMU
Weep Holes
Drain water from buildings
Mortar vs Grout
Mortar for masonry, Grout for ceramics
Types of Mortar
M, S, N, O
Type M Mortar
reinforced masonry or anything else that requires high strength
Type S Mortar
reinforced/nonreinforced masonry or anywhere where flexible strength is needed
Type N Mortar
most general situations and anytime high/lateral strengths aren’t needed.
Type O Mortar
mostly interior
Brick Positioning Patterns
stretcher, header, sailor
Brick Bonding Patterns
running bond, common bond, flemish bond, english bond, stacked bond
Simplest Brick Bonding Pattern
Running bond
Only Acceptable Mortar Joint
Concave Mortar joint
Efflorescence
White powder due to salt leaching
Note 
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