✨WileyPLUS. Chapter 26. The Urinary System.

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Which is not a major function of the kidney?

A. regulation of blood ionic composition

B. regulation of blood cell size

C. regulation of blood volume

D. regulation of blood pressure

E. regulation of blood pH

regulation of blood cell size

This is the formation of a new glucose molecule.

gluconeogenesis

Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?

A. urea

B. glucose

C. insulin

D. cholesterol

E. carbon dioxide

urea

This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter.

renal capsule

The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the

renal columns

Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidneys?

interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > glomerular capillaries > arcuate veins

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow?

glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances?

A. glomerular capsule

B. nephron loop

C. ascending limb

D. collecting duct

E. proximal convoluted tubule

proximal convoluted tubule

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood.

glomerulus

This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.

reabsorption

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate.

secretion

Glomerular capillaries and podocytes together form the

filtration membrane

The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water?

65%

Which of the following is NOT a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys?

A. It increases GFR

B. It can decrease GFR

C. It enhances reabsorption of certain ions

D. It stimulates the release of aldosterone

E. None of these choices

It increases GFR

Increased secretion of hydrogen ions would result in a(n) ______________ of blood ____________?

decrease, pH

An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine is called

urinalysis

Water accounts for what percentage of the total volume of urine?

95%

This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Ureter

This lies in the anterior corner of the trigone of the bladder.

Internal urethral orifice

Blood plasma and dissolved substances with molecules that are smaller than most proteins are filtered directly into the

glomerular capsule

Anorexia, starvation, or a diet too low in carbohydrates manifests as which condition?

A. albuminuria

B. glucosuria

C. urobilinogenuria

D. ketonuria

E. bilirubinuria

ketonuria

Stress, causing excessive amounts of epinephrine secretion which stimulates glycogen breakdown, manifests as which condition? This condition can also indicate diabetes mellitus.

A. albuminuria

B. glucosuria

C. urobilinogenuria

D. ketonuria

E. bilirubinuria

glucosuria

This substance gives bile its major pigmentation:

bilirubin

These are tiny masses of material, hardened in the lumen of the urinary tubule and are flushed out when filtrate builds up behind them:

casts

Candida albicans and E. coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine:

microbes

What is the normal pH range of urine in humans?

4.6-8.0

What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

1-2 L/day

This hormone is released when the blood volume increases.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Consumption of salty food will cause an increase in this hormone.

ADH

Absence of angiotensin converting enzyme will lead to

decreased blood pressure

In males, both the urinary system and the _________ use the urethra.

reproductive system

The kidneys release _________ to raise blood pressure.

renin

Another name for the glomerular capsule is ______ capsule.

Bowman's

Which of the following correctly traces the flow of blood through the kidney after entry through the renal arteries and prior to entry into the peritubular capillaries?

segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole

Filtered fluid leaving the glomerular capillaries IMMEDIATELY enters the

glomerular capsule

Screening tests which detect the concentration of _____ in the blood are commonly used to provide information about kidney function.

blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

The micturition reflex uses

parasympathetic impulses to contract the detrusor muscle and relax the internal urethral sphincter.

Urine produced by the kidneys is transported by the ______ to the urinary bladder where it is stored until being excreted from the body.

ureters

The kidneys and which other organ significantly affects the pH of body fluids?

lungs

Which is the medical term for kidney stones?

renal calculi