glycosidic bond

What is a glycosidic bond?

A covalent bond formed between monosaccharides.

Why are glycosidic bonds important?

They join monosaccharides together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.

What type of reaction forms a glycosidic bond?

A condensation reaction.

What happens during a condensation reaction forming a glycosidic bond?

An OH group from one monosaccharide and an H from another combine to form H₂O, which is removed.

What is released when a glycosidic bond forms?

Water (H₂O).

What is the general reaction for forming a disaccharide?

Monosaccharide + monosaccharide → disaccharide + H₂O.

What is the general reaction for forming a polysaccharide?

Many monosaccharides join together through glycosidic bonds, releasing water.

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A reaction in which water is added to break a bond.

How are glycosidic bonds broken?

By hydrolysis, where water is added.

What happens during hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond?

Water is added and the glycosidic bond is broken.

What catalyses hydrolysis reactions?

Enzymes.

What is the opposite of condensation?

Hydrolysis.

What happens to the number of water molecules during polymer formation?

Water is removed as glycosidic bonds form.

What happens to the number of water molecules during hydrolysis?

Water is added to break glycosidic bonds.

What is a disaccharide?

A carbohydrate made from two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic bond.

What is a monosaccharide?

A single sugar unit that can join with other monosaccharides to form larger carbohydrates.

What are common disaccharides?

Maltose, sucrose and lactose.

What monosaccharides form maltose?

Glucose + glucose.

What monosaccharides form sucrose?

Glucose + fructose.

What monosaccharides form lactose?

Glucose + galactose.

What is maltose?

A disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules.

What is sucrose?

A disaccharide formed from glucose and fructose.

What is lactose?

A disaccharide formed from glucose and galactose.

How is maltose formed?

Two glucose molecules join by a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond and releasing H₂O.

How is sucrose formed?

Glucose and fructose join by a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond and releasing H₂O.

How is lactose formed?

Glucose and galactose join by a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond and releasing H₂O.

What happens when maltose is hydrolysed?

Water is added and the glycosidic bond is broken, producing two glucose molecules.

What happens when sucrose is hydrolysed?

Water is added and the glycosidic bond is broken, producing glucose and fructose.

What happens when lactose is hydrolysed?

Water is added and the glycosidic bond is broken, producing glucose and galactose.

What does α or β refer to when forming glycosidic bonds?

The orientation of the glucose molecules involved in forming the bond.

What is the importance of α and β glucose in carbohydrates?

Different polysaccharides are formed depending on whether α-glucose or β-glucose is used.

Which polysaccharides are formed from α-glucose?

Starch and glycogen.

Which polysaccharide is formed from β-glucose?

Cellulose.