Personality Development Theories

Flashcards covering key concepts in personality development theories, including Freud's and Erikson's stages, and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

Heredity

Influences on personality that are inherited and in one's genes.

Environment

Includes home, school, work, and other factors where a person spends time, influencing personality.

Situation

Experiences that shape personality, including both traumatic and happy events.

Nature vs. Nurture

A debate regarding whether personality is primarily determined by genetics (nature) or environment and experiences (nurture).

Freud's Oral Stage

The first stage of development (0-18 months) focusing on oral gratification through sucking and biting.

Freud's Anal Stage

The second stage of development (18-36 months) focusing on bowel and bladder control and independence.

Freud's Phallic Stage

The stage (3-6 years) where children become aware of their genitalia and develop feelings of rivalry and competition.

Freud's Latent Period

The stage (6 years to puberty) where sexual feelings are repressed and children focus on relationships and hobbies.

Freud's Genital Stage

The final stage of development (puberty onward) where sexual maturity and interests in relationships develop.

Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of Erikson's theory (infancy) where the child learns to trust or mistrust caregivers.

Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame

The second stage (18 months to 3 years) focusing on self-control and independence.

Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt

The third stage (3-5 years) where children assert themselves through play and responsibility.

Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority

The stage (6-12 years) where children develop a sense of competence by comparing themselves to others.

Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion

The stage (12-18 years) focused on developing a personal identity and understanding self.

Erikson's Intimacy vs. Isolation

The stage (18-35 years) concerned with forming loving relationships and social connections.

Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation

The stage (35-55 years) where individuals reflect on their contributions to society and sense of accomplishment.

Erikson's Integrity vs. Despair

The final stage (55 years and up) where individuals reflect on their life and feel a sense of fulfillment or regret.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory proposing that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, starting from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Physiological Needs

The most basic needs essential for survival like food, water, and shelter.

Safety Needs

The need for security and protection from physical and emotional harm.

Love and Belongingness

The need for social relationships and emotional connections with others.

Esteem Needs

The need for self-respect, personal growth, and recognition from others.

Self-Actualization

The realization of one's potential and seeking personal growth and peak experiences.