ss comp 5 ancient civilizations / colonizations

settlements, building communities, culture

• communities form to provide security and legal protection, material wellbeing, bring together religious believers

• meet needs by educating, govt, communication & transportation systems and recreation and entertainment’=

• culture- sum total of knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns

• cultures change and adapt, through modifications which allow them to develop and expand

• moving to new location & interacting w/ communities can impact groups

• cultural diffusion- dissémination, spread of an idea or innovation from a source to other cultures

• cultural exchange- groups take on some traits of other groups or cultures

ancient civilizations

• most developed- olmecs, mayas, toltecs, Aztecs, incas

• olmec: coast of bay of comp ache in modern Mexico, 1500 bce

• - uran centers, pyramid temples, art styles, rituals and sacrifice,settle agriculture

• andes mountain at same time had chavin which were precursor to Inca

mayas (1800 bce to 900 ce)

• Yucatan, Guatemala, honduras

• highly integrated society

• stab & mortar pyramids 1/ elaborate religious obeservances

• center- chicen itza and its religious centers (human sacrifice)

• elaborate calendar, writing system, concept of 0

• astronomy, engineering, art

Zapotecs, olmecs, toltecs

• north mex

• olmecs- 1200 bcce then others

• ceremonial calendar

• stone pyramids religion

• built teotihuacan, religious site

• partly alphabetic writing system

• codice where described history/evemts

• had pyramids built before egypys (pyramid of sun and pyramid of moon)

Aztecs (1300-1525 ce)

• highest developed in mexico

• centralized govt headed by king w a large army

• skilled builders &engieers, astronomers, mathematicians

• tenochtitlan city

• 5 mil ppl

• classical nahuatl- language almost extinct but a modern form exists

incas children of the sun

• ecuador, peru,chile

• well developed political system

• monumental road system

• civilization was at its peak when Spanish arrived

• Quechua are descendants and still around

mound builders in north america

• woodland and missisipain people

• Great Lakes and Mississippi

• burial mounds 500ce

• flat topped mounds for wooden temples

• chiefs and priests lived on mounds

inhabitants of the south and southwest

• anasazi- adobe architecture worked land, irrigation system, cloths and baskets

• honokam- separate stone and timber houses, drought and attacks from rival tribes led to declien

pueblo Indians

• anasazi settled along rio grande and intermarried leading to these ppl

• improved architectural and farming techniques

• corn & squash

• survived Spanish conquest

iroquois

• Canada and upstate New York

• hunted and fished but economy based on farming

• women did the farning

• 4500 yrs before europeans arrived

• iroquois confederation

colonization and European settlement of NA

• first European settlement- spaniards saint Augustine in 1565

• may 14 1607- first permanent English settlement, williamsburg

• dutch- ny and nj

• private companies permitted. to colonize- Plymouth company, Massachusetts bay company, Virginia company

the English colonies

• 13 colonies

• 3 types: corporate, royal, proprietary

• 3 regions: new England, middle, southern

• New England: massachussets, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, farming, small industries, triangular trade

• Middle: NY, NJ, Delaware, Pennsylvania, farm ship fish trade

• Southern: maryland, virginia, NC, SC, Georgia, plantations, slaves, indentured servants and env.

• each region was unique which affected development

virigina (1607)

• Jamestown first English colonh

• tabacco

• 1619- house of burgesses- European style of gov

• first African slaves acquire but mostly dependent on indentured servants

Massachusetts (Plymouth colony 1620) (Massachusetts bay 1630)

• first English settlers in New England-puritans

• pilgrims were a faction of puritans, they fled to avoid persecution and founded Plymouth in 1620

• pilgrims wanted to separate from church of england

• mayflower used for the jorueny

• 1629- Massachusetts bay colony

New Hampshire 1623

• first John mason then in 1638 Exeter was founded

• founded by 2 groups

maryland 1634

• refuge for roman catholics

rhode island 1635

williams and hutchinson looking for sanctuary

Connecticut 1635

earliest settlers puritans

South Carolina 1663

rice indigo cattle hides

New York 1664

started dutch but English took control

New Jersey 1664

also originally dutch but given to king charles brother

Pennsylvania 1681

safe haven for quakers but German mennonites also lived there

delaware

1701 self governing

North Carolina 1712

divided from south bc of disagreements on governing

Georgia 1732

safe haven for English poort

buffer between profitable colonies and Spanish territories

became increasingly settled by plantation owners

representative government in colonial america

• rights and freedoms of enlgsih subjects some self govt

• Magna Carta and English bill of rights supported this belief ^

• notions of representative govt

• settled by English citizens who chose to move there, brought ideals of individual liberty representative governmetn

• elected representatives

• mayflower compact- drawn and signed by pilgrims on matflower, earliest agreement to establish a political body to make decisions based on the good pf the colony