2: The Nephron

Arterial blood enters the kidney via the?

• Renal Artery

The renal artery subsequently divides into?

• Interlobar Arteries

The renal artery subsequently divides into interlobar arteries, then into?

• Arcuate Arteries

Arcuate Arteries divide to form?

• Interlobular Arteries

. From the interlobular arteries…..?

• Afferent Arterioles are formed.

It is the afferent arteriole that give rise to the?

• Capillary Bed 

• Known as the Glomerulus

The Glomerulus is the site of?

• Filtration in the Kidney

When the blood drains from the glomerulus, it is drained into the?

• Efferent Arteriole

the efferent arteriole. This is the only capillary bed in the body that drains into an?

• Arteriole instead of a Vein

The efferent arteriole continues on deliver blood to the?

• Peritubular Capillaries

The Peritubular Capillaries surround the ?

• the tubules of the nephron.

The peritubular capillaries give rise to?

• Interlobular Veins

interlobular veins, which drain into the?

• Arcuate Veins

Arcuate Veins drain into?

• Interlobar Veins

Interlobar veins then drain into the ?

• Renal Vein

there are over …….. nephrons in each kidney?

• 1 Million Nephrons per Kidney

. It is the function of the nephron to filter the?

• Blood Plasma

The fluid that leaves the blood is known as the?

• Filtrate

The remainder of filtrate that is not reabsorbed forms the?

• Urine

Modulation of the rate of reabsorption at specific regions of the nephron allows for the?

• regulation of volume

• osmolarity,

• ion balance

• and pH of the extracellular fluid

Nephron Tubules DIAGRAM READ

The glomerular capsule (also known as the?

• Bowman’s Capsule

The glomerular capsule surrounds the capillary bed of the ?

• Glomerulus

The afferent arterioles deliver blood to the?

• Glomerulus

The filtrate pushed out at the glomerulus is taken up into the?

• Glomerular Capsule

• where it then moves towards the proximal convoluted tubule

The proximal convoluted tubule is the primary site of?

• Reabsorption of of the filtrate back into the blood. Approximately 65% of all water & salt in the filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

Filtrated materials move through the Glomerular Capsule into the?

• proximal convoluted tubule

The loop of Henle extends down into the?

• Renal Medulla

• From the Cortex 

The Loop of Henle is responsible for?

• Creation of Concentrated Urine

• Through a mechanism called the

• countercurrent multiplier system

The distal convoluted tubule is responsible for the regulation of the?

• k+

• na+

• Ca2+ 

• pH

• of the Urine

The collecting ducts are the last site of?

• Water reabsorption from the Filtrate.

the collecting duct is regulated by the influence of?

• ADH

The Collecting Duct determines the Final ….?

• Urine Concentration

What are the 2 Types of Nephrons?

• Cortical nephrons

• Juxtamedullary nephrons

The glomeruli of cortical nephrons are found in the?

• Outer Section of the Cortex

The loops of Henle descend into the?

• Medulla

• But not very deeply

The glomeruli of juxtamedullary nephrons originate in the?

• Outer Renal Cortex

The Juxtamedullary Nephrons have long loops of Henle that….?

• Descend deep into the Medulla

Juxtamedullary nephrons have a central role in the production of?

• Concentrated Urine

What is PKD?

• Polycystic Kidney Disease

• Genetic disorder

• Eventually leads to separation of the tubules

• Hundreds of Thousands of Fluid Filled Cysts form inside the Nephrons

• The kidney enlarges in size and over time the cysts become replaced with connective tissues

PKD inevitably results in?

• Renal Failure

• Dialysis required to clean the blood of waste products

PKD is also associated with?

• Aortic & Brain Aneuryisms