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which of the following is not a feature common to most animals?
asexual reproduction
which of the following statements about diploblasts & triploblasts is false?
the mesoderm gives rise to the central nervous system
during embryonic development, unique cell layers develop into specific groups of tissues or organs during a stage called?
the gastrula stage
which of the following phenotypes would most likely be the result of a Hox gene mutation?
two fewer appendages than normal
which of the following is thought to be the most closely related to the common animal ancestor?
protist cells
which of the following is the earliest during which animals may have appeared?
Cryogenian Period
The time between 542-488 million years ago marks which period?
Cambrian period
until recent discoveries suggested otherwise, animals existing before the Cambrian period were believed to be:
small and soft-bodied
Plant life first appeared on land during which of the following periods?
Ordovician period
Approximately how many mass extinctions events occurred throughout the evolutionary history of animals?
5
The large central opening in the Parazoan body is called the
osculum
most sponge body plans are slight variations on a simple tube-within-a-tube design. Which of the following is a key limitation of sponge body plans?
the reliance on osmosis/diffusion requires a design that maximizes the surface area to volume ratio of the sponge
which of the following statements about insects is false?
the trachea is part of the digestive system
while collecting specimens, marine biologist finds a sessile Cnidarian. The medusas that bud from it swim by contracting a ring of muscle in their bells. To which class does this specimen belong?
Class Scyphozoa
Cnidocytes are found in
Phylum Cnidaria
A mantle and marine cavity are present in :
Phylum Mollusca
How does segmentation enhance Annelid locomotion?
Muscle contractions can be localized to specific regions of the body to coordinate movement.
curstacenas are
ecdysozoans
which of the following is not a key advantage provided by the exoskeleton of terrestrial artrhorpods?
grows with the arthropod throughout its life
Which of the following features does not distinguish humans as a member of phylum chordata?
Human embryos undergo indeterminate cleavage
the sister taxon of the Chordata is the?
Ambulacraria
Which of the following is not contained in Phylum Chordata?
Echinodermata
Which group of invertebrates is most closely related to vertebrates?
Cephalochordates
Hagfish, lampreys, sharks and tuna are all chordates that can also be classified into which group?
Craniates
Members of Chondrichthyes differ from members of Osteichthyes by having (a)?
cartilaginous skeleton
which of the following statements about the parts of an amniotic egg are false?
the amniotic cavity is filled with albumen
members of Chondrichthyes are thought to be descended from fishes that had___
a bony skeleton
A marine biologist catches a species of fish she has never seen before. Upon examination, she determines that the species has a predominantly cartilaginous skeleton and a swim bladder. If its pectoral fins are not fused with its head, to which category of fish does the specimen belong?
osteichthyes
which of the following is not true of Acanthostega?
it laid shelled eggs
frogs belong to which order?
anura
squamata includes
lizards and snakes
which of the following reptiles groups gave rise to modern birds?
archosaurs
a birds or feathered dinosaur is
archaeopteryx
which of the following feather types helps to reduce drag produced by wind resistance during flight?
contour feathers
eccrine glands produce?
sweat
which of the following human traits is not a shared characteristic of primates?
detection and processing of three-color vision
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