AP human geo maps quiz 8/27/26

map

a symbolic representation of space, which is all the facts and features about a particular spot

reference maps

show mountains, cities, oceans, and elevation

thematic maps

visualize population about a particular topic across space

choropleth map

shows a theme over a particular space using different colors or shading of colors

dot density map

uses a dot to represent a key feature or attribute

cartogram

uses size to compare data

mercater projection

a map that distorts how shape and size of landmasses are represented particularly by the poles

spacial patterns

how and where geographical features occur on the earths surface

absolute distance

can be measured in feet or miles

relative distance

a measurement of the level of social, cultural, or economic similarity or difference between places despite their distance from each other

projection

scientific method of transferring locations on earths surface to a flat map

gall peters projection

• a response to mercator

• continents are true to size but shape is off

• reduces bias by adjusting size

global positioning system (GPS)

a system of 24 satellites that orbit earth 2 times daily and transmit radio signals, it is the basis for map based apps that provide direction and navigation

geographic information system (GIS)

software application for capturing, storing, and displaying data related to positions one earths surface, allows the raps manipulation of geospatial data for problem solving and research

remote sensing

acquisition of data about the earths surface using satellites, aircraft, or drones. rather than physical touch

• ex: landsat and Ariel photography

spatial information can come from:

• written accounts

• field observations

• media reports

• travel narritives

• policy documents'

• personal interviews

• landscape analysis

flow

the movement of people,ideas,goods,services across space driving globalization and interconnectedness

• ex: migration patterns and spread of culture

distance decay

interactions between two places decreases as the distance between them increases

friction of distance

the cost, time, and effort associated with distance

• included transportation cost and travel time

• explains why distance decay happens

space-time compression

advances in transportation and communication technologies make distance feel more short and the world more interconnected

diffusion

the pattern by which a phenomenon such as the movement of people or their idea, technologies, or preferences spr4ead from one location to another through space and time

expansion diffusion

occurs when ideas or practices spread in a snowballing process, so that the total number of knowers or users and the areas of occurrence increas

hierarchical expansion

occurs when ideas leapfrog from one influential person, community, or city to another bypassing other persons, communities or rural areas

contaigious expansion

involves the wavelike spread of ideas in the manner of contagious disease or a forest fire moving throughout space without regard for hierarchy

stimulus expansion

occurs when a specific trait is rejected but the underlying idea is accepted

relocation diffusion

occurs when individuals or groups with a particular idea or practice migrate form one location to another, thereby bringing the idea or practice to their new homeland

• ex: spread of religion, languages and dialects