Psychological Health and Wellbeing Noted.docx

Mental Health

More than the absence of mental disorders, it is intrinsic to overall health and wellbeing, as defined by the World Health Organisation.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase the likelihood of developing a mental illness, including genetic influences, low self-esteem, and family disharmony.

Protective Factors

Factors that may decrease the likelihood of developing a mental illness, such as secure attachment experiences and supportive parenting.

Biopsychosocial Model

A model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding mental illness and its treatments.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual that describes mental disorders as syndromes characterized by disturbances in cognition, emotion, or behavior.

Ethnocentric Bias

A cultural bias that views the world from the perspective of one's own group, affecting the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.

Social Media Addiction

Addiction to social media characterized by behaviors similar to substance addiction, impacting mental health.

FOMO

Fear of Missing Out, a phenomenon linked to increased anxiety and depression in youth due to social media.

Depression

A common mental health disorder characterized by extended negative emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, examined through the biopsychosocial model.

Biological Treatments for Depression

Treatments like antidepressant medication and electric shock therapy used to manage severe depressive symptoms.

Psychological Treatments for Depression

Therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) to address thought and behavior patterns in depression.

Social Treatments for Depression

Support groups and services that provide belonging and understanding for individuals with depression.

Anxiety

Various disorders characterized by strong anxiety or fear, including phobias, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD, GAD, and social phobia.

Interpretation Bias

Anxious individuals tend to interpret information from others as negative towards themselves.

Memory Impairment

Anxiety can lead to memory issues due to inattention and worry about other aspects.

Psychological Symptoms of Anxiety

Include magnifying threats, irrational fears, fear of panic, hypersensitivity to criticism, avoidance, and persistent unwanted thoughts.

Social Symptoms of Anxiety

Fast-paced lives, environmental stressors, decreased job security, lack of family support, and avoidance of social contact.

Biological Treatments for Anxiety

Include anti-anxiety medication like benzodiazepines and anti-depressants to correct chemical imbalances in the brain.

Psychological Treatments for Anxiety

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) helps identify and change thought and behavior patterns contributing to anxiety.

Social Treatments for Anxiety

Support groups and services provide a sense of belonging and understanding for individuals with anxiety.

Mental Health Stigma

Society's misunderstanding of mental illness leads to stigma, which can be harmful and prevent individuals from seeking help.

Sleep Stages

Sleep consists of 5 stages, including REM sleep, each with distinct characteristics and functions.

Theories of Sleep

Repair and Restoration, Clean-up, Evolutionary, and Information Consolidation theories explain the importance of sleep for physical and mental well-being.

Sleep Debt and Deprivation

Sleep debt accumulates when one doesn't get enough sleep, while sleep deprivation occurs when the required amount of sleep is not obtained, leading to various negative effects.

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Recognizes the time of day independently of external cues, crucial for regulating circadian rhythms, takes time to adjust after traveling through different time zones.

Sleep Deprivation Factors - Personal

Influenced by personal choices, sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy, medical or health issues such as pain, anxiety, substance misuse, depression, obesity, and schizophrenia.

Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)

Condition where a person's sleep is delayed by at least two hours from the norm, leading to difficulty waking up at the desired time, affecting 7-16% of young individuals.

Stress

Heightened physiological arousal state, with 43% of people aged 13-64 reporting difficulty falling asleep due to stress, according to the National Sleep Foundation.

Sleep Hygiene

Series of habits to enhance sleep quality, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, setting an early bedtime, avoiding screens before bed, establishing a bedtime routine, using the bed only for sleep and sex, creating a quiet and relaxing sleep environment, limiting bright light exposure, turning off electronics before bedtime, avoiding large meals, caffeine, alcohol, and excessive fluids before sleep.