Benign GYN part 1 transcript

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering gynecological evaluations, pap smear guidelines, vulvovaginitis, STIs, and breast disorder screening based on the lecture transcript.

Cervical Dysplasia

Abnormal cervical cytology identified by a pap smear, representing cellular changes that increase cancer risk.

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

A virus that accounts for over $95\%$ of cervical cancer cases and can live dormant in the body for years.

Thinprep

A newer, liquid-based pap smear method that is more accurate than conventional slides and allows for DNA HPV testing.

ACOG 2020 Pap Screening Guidelines (Age 21-29)

Recommended screening every $3$ years with cytology only, regardless of sexual activity.

ACS 2020 Pap Screening Guidelines (Age 25-29)

Recommended screening starting at age $25$ with preferred methods being HPV alone or co-testing every $5$ years.

ASC-US

Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance; managed by repeating the pap smear in $6$ to $12$ months or HPV DNA testing.

ASC-H

Abnormal cells that cannot exclude high-grade lesions; classified as high-risk and requiring a colposcopy.

LSIL

Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, which corresponds to mild dysplasia or CIN 1.

HSIL

High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, which corresponds to moderate to severe dysplasia (CIN 2 or 3).

Colposcopy

An office procedure using vinegar to highlight abnormal cells for a punch biopsy of the cervix.

LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure)

An outpatient surgical procedure involving a biopsy of the entire cervix.

Bimanual Examination

A physical exam technique where one hand is inserted into the vaginal vault to push up on the cervix while the other hand palpates the abdomen to evaluate pelvic organs.

Rectovaginal Examination

A procedure involving one finger in the cervix and one in the anus; it is the best technique to palpate the ovaries and rule out ovarian cancer.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

An overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, most commonly Gardnerella, characterized by the presence of clue cells and a positive whiff test.

Clue Cells

Epithelial cells covered in clumping bacteria, viewed under a microscope as a diagnostic sign of bacterial vaginosis.

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

A yeast infection caused by C. albicans, identified by hyphae and yeast buds on a wet mount.

Metronidazole

An antibiotic used to treat BV ($500\,mg$ BID for $7$ days) and Trichomoniasis; patients must avoid alcohol due to the risk of flushing and nausea.

Trichomoniasis

An infection caused by motile protozoa with tails; symptoms include gray, yellow, thin, and foamy discharge.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

An upper genital tract infection often involving a strawberry appearance of the cervix and managed with a combination of Ceftriaxone, Doxycycline, and Metronidazole.

Chlamydia

A reportable STI treated per 2020 guidelines with Doxycycline $100\,mg$ BID for $7$ days.

Gonorrhea

A reportable STI treated with a single weight-dependent IM injection of Ceftriaxone ($500\,mg$).

Genital Herpes (HSV)

A chronic, lifetime viral infection (HSV-1 or HSV-2) characterized by painful vesicular lesions.

Syphilis (Primary Stage)

Characterized by one or more painless, indurated ulcers called chancres that appear about $3$ weeks after exposure.

Secondary Syphilis

A stage occurring $1$ to $2$ months after primary infection, characterized by a polymorphic maculopapular rash on the palms and soles.

Penicillin G

The standard treatment for syphilis, typically administered as $2.4$ million units IM.

Gail Model

A screening tool from the National Cancer Institute used to assess a patient's risk for breast cancer.

Ductogram

An imaging procedure for nipple discharge where fluid is expressed, a needle injects fluid into the duct, and a mammogram is performed.

Prolactinoma

A potential cause of milky nipple discharge in younger patients due to elevated prolactin levels.