Beef Industry and Breeds
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/177
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
178 Terms
Q: What are the two major domesticated cattle species?
Bos taurus and Bos indicus.
Q: Where and when were Bos taurus cattle domesticated?
About 10,500 years ago from wild aurochs in Central Turkey, the Levant, and Western Iran.
Q: Where did separate domestication of Bos indicus occur?
On the Indian subcontinent.
Q: How many known breeds of cattle are there worldwide?
More than 800.
Q: How many beef cattle were in the U.S. in 2023?
About 89.3 million.
Q: How many beef cows and replacement heifers were in the U.S.?
About 28.9 million beef cows and 5.16 million replacement heifers.
Q: What five states have the most beef cattle?
Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and California.
Q: Which state has the most cattle east of the Mississippi River?
Kentucky, with about 2.09 million cattle.
Q: How many cattle are in Ohio?
About 1.24 million.
Q: What is the approximate value of the U.S. beef industry?
$97.9 billion.
Q: Approximately how many beef cattle farms are in Ohio?
About 17,000 farms.
Q: How much beef does Ohio produce annually?
About 1.7 million pounds.
Q: What are the major categories of beef cattle breeds?
Bos taurus British breeds, Bos taurus Continental/European (Exotic) breeds, Bos indicus, and Composite breeds.
Q: Where do Bos indicus cattle originate?
India, Ethiopia, and Nepal.
Q: What are examples of Bos indicus cattle?
Zebu, Brahman, Gir, and Nelore.
Q: What are examples of composite breeds?
Brangus, Santa Gertrudis, Beefmaster, and Simbrah.
Q: What advantages do Bos indicus cattle have compared with Bos taurus?
Better tolerance to heat, humidity, disease, and insects.
Q: Why are British breeds important to the U.S. beef industry?
They form the foundation of the majority of U.S. commercial cowherds.
Q: What is the typical frame size of British breeds?
Moderate framed, mostly Frames 4–6.
Q: What maternal traits are common in British breeds?
Good mothering, good milk production, lighter birthweights, and reproductive efficiency.
Q: What are the carcass characteristics of British breeds?
Generally desirable USDA Quality Grades, but lighter muscling and more fat, resulting in less desirable Yield Grades.
Q: How are British breeds in terms of feed efficiency?
They are generally feed efficient and easy fleshing.
Q: What is a disadvantage of British breeds regarding growth?
They generally do not have as much growth as Continental breeds.
Q: When were British breeds generally imported into the U.S.?
They were generally the first cattle imported to the U.S.
Q: Where did Angus originate?
Scotland, specifically the counties of Aberdeen, Banff, Kincardine, and Angus.
Q: What were Angus cattle historically called?
Angus “doddies” and Buchan “humlies.”
Q: What important characteristic was associated with Hugh Watson's Angus cattle?
They were polled and solid black.
Q: Who was an important early Angus improver?
William McCombie of Tillyfour.
Q: When were Angus cattle imported to the U.S.?
George Grant imported them to Victoria, Kansas, in 1873.
Q: How common is Angus in the U.S.?
Angus has the greatest numbers in the U.S., with more than 300,000 produced annually according to the lecture.
Q: What is the typical frame size of Angus?
Small to moderate, approximately Frame 4–6.
Q: What are important Angus production traits?
Maternal ability, easy fleshing, average muscle, high carcass quality, quick growth, and early maturity.
Q: How does Angus generally perform in calving ease?
Angus generally calves easily.
Q: What is Certified Angus Beef (CAB)?
A branded beef program requiring carcasses to meet specific quality and carcass standards.
Q: What marbling is required for CAB?
Modest or higher marbling with medium to fine texture.
Q: What USDA Quality Grade is required for CAB?
USDA Choice Average or better.
Q: What maturity is required for CAB?
A maturity
Q: What ribeye area is required for CAB?
10–16 square inches.
Q: What fat thickness is required for CAB?
Less than 1 inch.
Q: What hot carcass weight is required for CAB?
Less than 1,100 pounds.
Q: What muscling requirement does CAB have?
Superior muscling.
Q: What other physical requirements are important for CAB?
Practically no capillary rupture, no neck hump exceeding 2 inches, and no dark cutters.
Q: What is required to register an animal as Angus?
It must be 100% Angus/fullblood.
Q: Can percentage Angus cattle be registered as Angus?
No. The breed cannot be “bred-up” and percentage Angus cannot be registered.
Q: What was American Aberdeen formerly called?
Lowline.
Q: Where was the Lowline breed developed?
At the Trangie Research Centre in Australia.
Q: Why was the Lowline selection program started?
To evaluate selection for growth rate and its effect on herd profitability.
Q: What were High Line cattle selected for?
High growth.
Q: What were Low Line cattle selected for?
Low growth.
Q: How much smaller-framed did Lowline cattle become?
About 30% smaller framed than High Line cattle after 15 years of selective breeding.
Q: What are the mature sizes of American Aberdeen bulls?
45–48 inches tall at the hip and 1,300-1,600 lbs.
Q: What are the mature sizes of American Aberdeen cows?
42–46 inches tall at the hip and 900–1,100 lbs.
It is the same breed genetically, but Red Angus cattle are red.
Brahman/Angus derivatives from registered Red Angus, Angus, Brahman, Red Brangus, and/or Brangus lines.
A commercial cattle type qualifying as Category III, with Angus blood equal to or greater than 25% and no more than 13% bred-up.
Herefordshire, England.
Benjamin Tompkins, beginning in 1742.
Red body with a white face, crest, belly, and socks.
Moderate frame, feed efficiency, low maintenance, average muscle, and structural correctness.
Average milk production, udder quality, moderate growth, birthweights, and eye problems such as cancer and pinkeye.
They were traditionally not as thick, but were easier fleshing and more stylish.
Northumberland, Durham, York, and Lincoln in England.
Red, red and white, roan, or white.
A famous Shorthorn born in 1804 that sold for $5,000.
Average 15,000+ lb milk, 500 lb fat (3.3%), and 465 lb protein (3.1%).
Beef production, shorter legs, earlier maturity, feed efficiency, performance, and muscle.
Excellent carcass quality and popularity as show cattle, particularly in the Midwest and Great Plains.
Reproductive efficiency, maternal ability, and fleshing ability.
Charolais, Chianina, Gelbvieh, Limousin, Maine Anjou, and Simmental.