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55 Terms
How can a website get a higher page rank
Make effective use of meta tags that effectively describe the contents of the website.
Make effective use of H1 tags using suitable headings that describes the content of the website.
Increasing the number of incoming links
Increase the number of quality of incoming links from other websites, ideally those with a higher page rank than themselves. They could work with other companies who have established websites and get incoming links from them
Increase the number of outgoing links
It is important that the company ensures their site is malware free as this can impact the score
Describe how a website is indexed by a search engine
Web crawler visits site by following a link and records information such as meta tags and stores them in an index
What is a damping factor
A value between 0 and 1 that is the probability that a user will not follow a link
Give two factors that affect the output value of the page rank algorithm
Number of links to target site
Page rank score of those sites
what is HTML
the language that defines the structure and content of a webpage using tags
<html>
all code within these tags is interpreted as HTML
<body>
defines the content in the main content area of the webpage
<link>
used to link to additional files, including CSS webpages
<head>
defines the browser tab
<input>
allows for user input. <input type = “ “>
what is the type for a submit button input
type = “submit”
<title>
defines the text that appears with the tab or window heading area
<h1><h2> etc
heading styles in decreasing sizes
<p>
defines a paragraph separated with a line space above and below
<img>
used for images. self-closing tag. src = ““, height = x, weight=y follows
<a>
anchor tag the defines a hyperlink with the location parameter like <a href = location> link text </a>
<ol>
ordered list. ech element within the list is defined using the <li> tag
<ul>
unordered list. eat h element defined using <li>
<div>
divides the page into separate areas, each which can be referred to uniquely by name. <div id= “page name”>
what are classes and identifiers
attributes given to elements on a webpage which you wish to style in a particular way. This means elements can follow a consistent style and the styling only has to be defined once
how are classes defined
.example{
background-color : colour ;
border: 1px colour;
}
how are classes used
<div class = ‘example’>
<p> … </p>
</div>
difference between classes and identifiers
identifiers are a unique name given to an element on a web page so only one element can be associated with an identifier but class name can be used by mutiple elements
what does css stand for
cascading style sheets
what is css
a language that defines the style of a webpage using selectors such as classes. it can be placed within HTML or externally in a file
what is internal/embedded CSS
it is placed inside the style tags and is entered directly into the HTML document
what is external CSS
It is written into a separate document and a link to this style sheet is added to the HTML document
how to link an external css document
< link href = “nameofstylesheet.css” related = “stylesheet” type= “text/css”> in header
advantages of external css
content and formatting are kept separate so changes can be made to the external style sheet and affect the whole site, saving time and ensuring consistency
CSS syntax
#classname {
attributes;
}
what is javascript
a scripting language used to add interactivity to websites. it is interpreted rather than compiled. This means that each time webpages are interpreted each time they are loaded, independently of the architecture of the processor which it is being loaded by.
what is javascript often used for
to validate input data on the client computer
advantages of javascript
local computer can deal invalid data before it is sent off to servers, eases the load ob busy servers, reduces web traffic
how to change the attributes of a HTML element using javascript
chosenElement = document.getElementById(“example”)
chosenElement.innerHTML = “Hello World”;
how to write directly to the document using javascript
document.write(“Hello world”);
how to display an alert box using javascript
alert(“Hello World”);
what is server side processing
when a client sends data from the browser to a server for it to be processed. The output is sent back to the browser
common server side languages
SQL, PHP
why is server side processing useful
can perform large calculations much faster than clients, not dependent on browser to have the correct interpreter, more secure as it hides code from the user protecting copyright and avoiding it being circumvented
when is sera er side processing best used
where it is integral that processing is carried out; used to generate content; to access secure data
what is client side processing
when a client processes the data in the web browser
common client side languages
javascript
why is client side processing useful
webpage can immediately respond to user actions as data is not sent back and forth between the server and computer, gives developers more control over the behaviour and look of website, eases the load on the server
disadvantage of client side processing
code is visible so can be copied; browser may not run code if it does not have the capability
when is client side processing best used
when code is not critical; when a quick response is needed eg games
when to use both client side and server side
validation. First on the client side for quick response if there is an issue. Then on the server in case the client side processing has been circumvented
explain the meaning of <input type = “text” name =“username”>
creates a text box to hold the username
attribute name for font
font-family
attribute name for font colour
color
attribute name for background colour
background-color
write the HTML code to hyperlink an image stored as ticket.png to the page stored as booking.htm
<a href= “booking.htm”><img src=”ticket.png”></a>
When users click to buy tickets, the booking fee is calculated again on the server. Explain why the server side processing is used to recalculate the booking fee
Client side processing could be altered. Browser may not support client-side language. Booking fee calculation needs to be correct for all locations
Explain an advantage to the customer of client side processing when buying tickets
No need to submit to server and wit for response so website will work more quickly for user
Explain an advantage to the company of client side processing when buying tickets
reduces load on server so less is spent on processing power
Why is server side validation done aswell as client side (javascript)
The JavaScript check is carried out client side meaning the address/ password can be checked and stopped prior to reaching the server, reducing unnecessary load on the server. Javascript can be amended and circumvented so address/password must be checked at the server to ensure this has not happened.