Humanities 2nd Exam

Chapter 16

Cahokia (North America)

A large, ancient Mississippian culture city near modern day St. Louis MO. Pre-columbian urban center with large earth mounds and trade network.

Cliff Palace (North America)

Largest cliff dwelling in North America - large multi-story village. Located in Colorado. The village had different ritual/religious sites.

Mesa Verde (North America)

National park located in SW Colorado - cliff dwellings of ancestral Pueblo People. 

Colorado (North America)

high flat plains & high elevation rocky mountains - plateaus, canyons, and mesas

Maya (Mesoamerica)

Ancient Mesoamerican civilization - known for developing advanced achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and writing. 

Aztec (Mesoamerica)

Mesoamerican civilization - known for architecture, advanced social structure, and mythology 

Olmec (Mesoamerica)

Early mesoamerican civilization that lived in the tropical region - giant stone heads, sophisticated art, influence on Aztec and Maya

Quetzacoatl (Mesoamerica)

Mesoamerican deity - the feathered serpent, God associated with wind, rain, knowledge, morning star

Tenochtitlan (Mesoamerica)

Capital of Aztec empire, large and powerful city built on an island - now Mexico City. Major center of political, economic, and religious life. Canal system for agriculture

Teotihuacan (Mesoamerica)

Massive ancient Mesoamerican city in Central Mexico - grid like layout - built around water for irrigation. Monuments: Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon. Major hub - known for art, architecture, and urban planning

Moche (South America)

Pre-Columbian civilization - Northcoast of Peru - known for advanced agriculture, pottery, and metal work - these were sometimes used for ritual practices

Nazca (South America)

Pre-Incan culture and region in Peru - famous for Nazca lines and geoglyphs

Inka (South America)

Powerful indigenous South American people - built a vast empire in the Andes region - built road systems and irrigation systems. 

Machu Picchu (South America)

Ancient Inca city located in the Andes - often referred to the “lost city of the Incas” - remarkable architecture

Andes Mountains (South America)

Longest continental mountain range - 7,500 km located on the Western Edge of South America

Diego Rivera

Mexican Painter and muralist, painting murals that celebrated Mexico’s history and culture. Played big role in the artistic movement, Mexican Mural Movement

Frida Kahlo

Famous Mexican painter known for her self-portraits that expressed her pain. She was in a bus accident when she was younger so she channeled her pain through that. She painted to show her Mexican identity.

The Columbian Exchange

After Columbus discovered North America, the New World brought the widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and cultures.

Florentine Codex

Manuscript where they documented their history and commercial activities. Documented Aztec Culture. 

Bernadino de Sahagun

A missionary who translated the Bible and the Florentine Codex in Nahuatl

Nahuatl

Language of the Aztec & Toltec civilizations in Mexico

Quechua

Language Europeans used to teach the Inka

Khipu (quipu)

Language made of thread and Knots

Portrait Vessel (Moche)

Made of ceramics - the Moche had skilled painter-potters. Vessels were different shapes - human, animals, hybrids

Vertical Archipelago or economy

In the Andes Mountains - used their terrain (mountains) to harvest various crops because of differing altitudes - stair like.

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish explorer - Led the Europeans - he was very outnumbered. Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.

Nazca Lines

Geoglyphs in different shapes, mostly animals - for ritualistic/religious purpose

Geoglyph

Artworks created on the landscape by using the elements: stones, gravel, earth etc.

Quapaq Nan (Inka Road System)

Road that stretched 25,000 miles, connected 6-12 million. This road helped people trade with one another. 

Kiva

Circular ceremonial room originally covered with wood - beam roof

The Florentine Codex

Olmec Colossal Head

Aerial view of Teotihuacan

Temple of the Feathered Serpent

Clay Statue of Ball Player (Mexico City)

Aerial View of Castillo, Mayan Castle

Mural Displaying Mayan Culture

Diego Rivera - The History of Mexico

The Two Fridas

Nazca Hummingbird Geoglyph

Portrait Vessel of Ruler

Yin Yang

Machu Picchu 

Inka Khipu

Cliff Palace

Serpent Mound, Ohio

Flower-Song