Pathogen Cards set 1 (copy)

Bordetella Pertussis

signs and symptoms would include

catarrhal stage- causes what appear to be cold symptoms like runny nose.

The Paroxysmal stage cases severe and uncontrollable coughing, violent coughs can result in burst blood vessels.

Bordetella Pertussis

Bacteria, gram -

Infective source is droplet contact

Diagnosis is PCR growth on B-G, charcoal or potato glycerol agar,

diagnosis can be made on symptoms

treatment is azithromycin

prevention is acellular vaccine, and azithromycin

Bordetella Pertussis

Whooping Cough

Mumps Virus

genus Paramyxovirus

Mumps Virus

Virus

Signs and symptoms include fever, nasal discharge, muscle pain, malaise develop. Followed by inflammation of salivary glands, producing gopherlike swelling of the cheeks.

infective source is droplet contact

diagnosis is ELISA for Ab; PCR

Treatment is supportive

Prevention is MMR live attenuated vaccine

Rubeola Virus

Measles

Rubeola Virus

Kolpik spots- white spots on the inner cheeks of mouth, conjunctivitis, reddish brown skin rash al over body. Sensitivity to the light and body aches.

Rubeola Virus

infective source includes Droplet contact

Diagnosis is clinical diagnosis ELISA or PCR

Treatment is No Antiviral'; Vitamin A, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections

Mumps Virus

also called the Genus paramyxovirus

Mumps Virus

A virus

signs and symptoms- fever, nasal discharge, muscle pain, malaise develop. Followed by inflammation of salivary glands, producing gopherlike swelling of the cheeks.

Mumps Virus

Infective source- droplet contact

Diagnosis- Elisa for Ab; PCR

Treatment- supportive

Prevention- MMR live attenuated vaccine

Rubeola Virus

Also referred to as Measles

Rubeola Virus

Signs and symptoms- Koplik’s spots (white spots on the inner cheeks of mouth, conjunctivitis, reddish brown skin rash all over body. Sensitivity to light and body aches.

Rubeola Virus

A virus

infective source- Droplet contact

Diagnosis- clinical diagnosis; ELISA or PCR

Treatment- No antivirals; Vitamin A, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections

Prevention- Live attenuated vaccine (MMR or MMRV)

Rubella Virus

A virus

signs and symptoms- Postnatal infection and congenital (prenatal) infection of the fetus, which can result in in various types of birth defects.

Rubella Virus

infective source- Droplet contact

Diagnosis- Acute IgM, acute/convalescent IgG

Treatment- none

Prevention- Live attenuated vaccine (MMR, MMRV)

Common Cold Virus

Also referred to as Rhinitis

Signs and symptoms- Sneezing, scratchy throat, runny nose

Common Cold Virus

A virus

infective source- Indirect contact, droplet contact

Diagnosis not necessary

Treatment- For symptoms only, antihistamines, decongestants

Preventions- frequent handwashing, covering mouth when cough or sneeze

Haemophilus influenza

A Bacteria

Signs and symptoms- Causes pneumonia (fever and chills, shortness of breath, cough) blood stream infection (excessive tiredness, pain in belly) Mengitis (fever, headache, stiff neck)

Haemophilus aegypitus

Also referred to as Pink Eye

Haemophilus aegypitus

A Bacteria

gram-, gram+

signs and symptoms- Inflammation of the tissue causes discharge, most cases produce milky discharge. Typical to wake up in the morning with an eye “glued” shut, by secretions mild pain, light sensitivity, gritty eye sensation, redness and swelling.

Haemophilus aegypitus

infective source- direct contact, and indirect contact

diagnosis- clinical diagnosis

treatment- Gatifloxacin or levofloxacin Opthalmic solutions; several of these bacteria appear in the CDC

Prevention- Good Hygiene

Coxiella Burnetti

A Bacteria

Gram-, shape- Endospore like structure

signs and symptoms- Abrupt onset of fever, chills, head and muscle ache, occasionally rash, vascular damage and endocarditis like symptoms

Coxiella Burnetti

infective source- Airborne, direct contact, food-borne

Diagnosis- serological tests for antibody; PCR

treatment- Tetracycline or TMP/SMZ

prevention- Vaccine for high-risk population. Farmers, meat cutters, veterinarians, laboratory techs, consumers of raw milk products

streptococcus Pyogenes

A Bacteria

Gram+

signs and symptoms- can cause scarlet fever, Rheumatic fever, Glomerulonephritis, A sore throat usually accompanied by tender, swollen, lymph glands, painful swallowing, strawberry like rash on throat or skin, can cause pharyngitis or impetigo.

streptococcus Pyogenes

infective source- Usually endogenous (caused by factors or produced inside an organism or cell

Diagnosis- Beta- hemolytic on blood agar, sensitive to bacitracin, rapid antigen tests

Treatment- Penicillin, cephalexin, in penicillin- allergic

Prevention- Good Hygiene

Pneumocystis Carinii (Jiroveci)

A Fungi

gram-

Signs and symptoms- Nonspecific and include coughs, fever, shallow respiration, and cyanosis (change of body tissue/color to bluish purple hue as a result of having decreased amounts of O2 in blood)

Pneumocystis Carinii (Jiroveci)

infective source- Vehicle- inhalation of fungal spores

Diagnosis- Microscopy

treatment- Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole

prevention- Antibiotics given to AIDS to prevent this

Klebsiella Pneumonia

Also referred to as Healthcare Associated Pneumonia

Klebsiella Pneumonia

A Bacteria

gram-

signs and symptoms- cough, fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, can cause UTI, Cellulitis, Meningitis, and pneumonia.

Klebsiella Pneumonia

Infective Source- Endogenous (aspiration)

Diagnosis- Culture of lung fluids

Treatment- Varies by etiology.

Prevention- Elevating patients head, preoperative education, care of respiratory equipment

Variola Virus

Also referred to as Small Pox

Variola Virus

A Virus

signs and symptoms- fever and malaise, rash begins in the pharynx, spreads to the face, and progresses to extremities. Eventually crusting over, leaving behind non pigmented sites pitted with scar tissue.

Variola Virus

infective source Droplet contact

Diagnosis- Based largely on clinical appearance.

Treatment- Cidofovir; vaccine within 7 days of exposure

Prevention - Jynneos vaccine

Neisseria Meningitidis

A Bacteria

gram-, shape- capsule

signs and symptoms- high fever, chills, delirium, areas of bleeding under the skin, shock and coma. Generalized intravascular clotting, cardiac failure, damage to adrenal glands, and death can occur within a few hours.

Neisseria Meningitidis

infective source- Droplet contact

Diagnosis- Gram stain/ culture of CSF, blood, rapid antigen tests, oxidase test, PCR

Treatment- Ceftriaxone, Penicillin

Prevention- Conjugated vaccine; ciprofloxacin, rifampin, or ceftriaxone used to protect contacts.

Myobacterium Tuberculosis

A Bacteria

Gram-

Signs and symptoms- Feelings of sickness, weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Coughing, chest pain, and coughing up blood.

Myobacterium Tuberculosis

infective source- vehicle (airborne)

Diagnosis- Culture, PCR test, IGRA, skin test and chest X Ray

Treatment- Rifampin, ethambutol or streptomycin

prevention- Avoiding airborne M. Tuberculosis, BCG vaccine in other countries.

Legionella Pneumophila

A Bacteria

Gram+

signs and symptoms- Cough, shortness of breath, fever, muscle pains, headache

Legionella Pneumophila

Infective source- water droplets

Diagnosis- Urine antigen test, culture requires selective charcoal yeast extract agar.

Treatment- Fluoroquinolone, azithromycin, clarithromycin

Prevention- None