PSY308-Chapter-07

Confirmation Bias

A common reasoning error where individuals seek and utilize information that supports their hypotheses, while neglecting information that contradicts them.

Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning from general principles to derive specific conclusions, involving applying general rules or beliefs to specific instances.

Syllogistic Reasoning

A form of deductive reasoning that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

Validity

In syllogistic reasoning, refers to whether a conclusion logically follows from the premises, regardless of the truth of those premises.

Illicit Conversion

The reasoning error where one mistakenly assumes that 'All A are B' implies 'All B are A'.

Categorical Syllogism

A syllogism that consists of three statements: two premises and one conclusion, often using quantifiers to express the relationship.

Conditional Syllogism

A syllogism consisting of an 'if...then...' statement which explores conclusions based on affirming or denying the antecedent or consequent.

Empirical Evidence

Information acquired by observation or experimentation, often used to assess the truthfulness of premises in reasoning.

Pragmatic Reasoning

A practical, result-oriented approach to reasoning that considers the context and outcomes.

Bounded Rationality

A concept that describes how rationality is limited by the information one has, cognitive limitations, and time constraints.