Chemical analysis

Testing for ions, halides and sulphates and others

Lithium ions

Flame test- crimson

Sodium ions

Flame test- yellow

Potassium ions

Flame test- lilac

Calcium ions

Flame test- orange/red

Copper ions

Flame test- green

Aluminium ions in solution

Add to sodium hydroxide- white precipitate that dissolves in excess

Calcium ions in solution

Add to sodium hydroxide- white precipitate

Magnesium ions in solution

Add to sodium hydroxide- white precipitate

Copper ii ions in solution

Add to sodium hydroxide- blue precipitate

Iron ii ions in solution

Add to sodium hydroxide- green precipitate

Iron iii ions in solution

Add to sodium hydroxide- brown precipitate

Carbonates

Add to acid- produces carbon dioxide

Chloride ions

Add to nitric acid and then silver nitrate- white precipitate

Bromide ions

Add to nitric acid and then silver nitrate- cream precipitate

Iodide ions

Add to nitric acid and then silver nitrate- yellow precipitate

Sulfate ions

Add to hydrochloric acid and then barium chloride- white precipitate

Hydrogen gas

Add to a lit splint- squeaky pop

Oxygen gas

Add to a glowing splint- relights splint

Carbon dioxide gas

Add to limewater- turns cloudy

Chlorine gas

Add to damp litmus paper- bleaches it