Community Nursing, Primary Health Care, and Primary Eye Care Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering mapping and numbering of houses, home-based health records, primary eye care conditions, primary health care information systems, and education/rehabilitation of the blind in Nigeria.

House Mapping

A systematic process of identifying, locating, and drawing physical or social features of a community to show household locations, population numbers, health risks, and local resources to help nurses plan and deliver care effectively.

House Numbering

The system of assigning a unique identification number to each building or household in a street or defined community area to make locating buildings easier and facilitate follow-up and referrals.

Household Register

A record maintained alongside a community map that links house numbers to specific family health details, including household head, number of persons, under-$5$ children, pregnant women, and chronic illnesses.

Home-Based Card

A patient-held physical or electronic health document kept in the household and updated by health workers during community visits to track long-term medical history, immunizations, growth milestones, and care provided.

Primary Eye Care (PEC)

Essential eye-health services provided at the first level of contact with the healthcare system, focusing on health promotion, early disease detection, basic treatment, community-based blindness prevention, and specialist referral.

Refractive Errors

Eye conditions that occur when the eye cannot focus light properly on the retina, leading to blurred vision as the primary symptom.

Myopia

Short-sightedness caused by light rays focusing in front of the retina, resulting in blurred distant vision while near objects remain clear; managed with prescription concave (minus) lenses.

Hypermetropia

Long/far-sightedness caused by light focusing behind the retina when the eye is relaxed, making near objects difficult to see clearly; managed with convex (plus) lenses.

Astigmatism

A visual condition caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, causing light to focus unevenly on the retina; managed with cylindrical or spherocylindrical lenses.

Presbyopia

An age-related loss of lens flexibility and accommodation that reduces the eye's ability to focus on near objects, commonly noticeable from around $40\text{--}45\text{ years}$ of age.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, or irritants, presenting with eye redness, discharge, itching, watering, and swollen eyelids.

Cataract

A clouding of the eye's naturally clear lens leading to a gradual, painless reduction in vision, glare around lights, and blurred vision, which is treated surgically when vision is significantly affected.

Glaucoma

A group of eye conditions involving optic nerve damage that causes permanent and irreversible visual loss, often developing without obvious early symptoms.

Trachoma

An infectious eye disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, linked to poor sanitation and crowded conditions, which can lead to eyelash in-turning, corneal scarring, and blindness.

Vitamin A Deficiency (Ocular Signs)

A nutritional deficiency manifest in the eyes as night blindness, dryness of the conjunctiva, Bitot spots, corneal damage, and childhood blindness.

Visual Acuity Result 6/18

A measurement indicating that a person sees at $6\text{ metres}$ what a person with standard visual acuity can see at $18\text{ metres}$.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Damage to retinal blood vessels caused by high blood sugar levels, representing a major cause of vision loss in working-age adults.

Macular Degeneration

An age-related breakdown of central retina tissue leading to loss of central vision.

Primary Health Care Information System (PHCIS)

An organized system for collecting, recording, storing, analysing, interpreting, reporting, and using health data from PHC facilities and communities to guide healthcare planning, monitoring, and evaluation.

PHC Information Flow Pathway

The sequential movement of health data: Community → PHC facility → LGA health authority → State Ministry of Health → National level.

Pacelli School for the Blind

An academic institution in Lagos providing primary education for blind children, focusing on Braille literacy, typing, and social adaptation.

Federal Nigeria Society for the Blind (FNSB)

An organization in Oshodi running a $2\text{-year}$ residential rehabilitation program that equips visually impaired adults with entrepreneurial and vocational skills.

The Lens Rehabilitation Centre (TLEC ReHab Nig)

A regional healthcare-led rehabilitation centre in Port Harcourt providing structured programs in independent living, orientation, and mobility for visually impaired individuals.

SightQuest Nigeria

A federal initiative rolled out in Nigeria to curb avoidable blindness.