Politics and Globalization - Lecture Notes (Video)

A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards covering state concepts, globalization, ideology, and the Philippines vs. China South China Sea case derived from the lecture notes.

What are the four classical elements of a state?

People, Territory, Government, Sovereignty (International recognition is not mandatory).

How many theories of the origin of states are listed, and what are they?

Four: Divine Right Theory; Force or Necessity Theory; Paternalistic Theory; Social Contract Theory.

What does the Divine Right Theory state?

Rulers are ordained by God.

What is the core idea of the Force or Necessity Theory?

A warrior imposes his will through force; the ruler protects them and they support him.

What is the Paternalistic Theory of state origin?

The state arises through enlargement of the family.

What is the Social Contract Theory?

People support the state and the state protects people; there are social and political phases; rules are followed and taxes paid.

In international law, how are 'state' and 'nation' related?

They are two different things.

What is meant by a Nation State?

A state in a territorial area.

Name the seven rights of a state.

Right of existence and self-defense; Right of independence; Right of equality; Right of legation; Right of property and domain; Right to acquire territory and increase of domain; Right of jurisdiction.

Name the seven modes of acquiring territory.

Discovery; Occupation; Prescription; Cession; Conquest; Accretion; Reclamation.

What is Discovery as a mode of acquiring territory?

Oldest method; related to hinterland doctrine or continuity.

What are the requirements for Occupation?

New territory must not be under sovereignty; the state must have occupied the territory.

What are the requirements for Prescription?

Possession with sovereign authority by treaty; possessed for a long time; possession public; possession peaceful and uninterrupted.

What is Cession in territorial transfer?

Transfer of territory through a treaty/agreement; bilateral; transfer of sovereignty; can be a gift/donation.

Is Conquest a legal mode of acquiring territory today?

No; conquest is illegal now.

What is Accretion?

Slow movement of natural forces causing land increase.

What is Avulsion?

Landslide that causes a new island.

What is Reclamation?

Creating new lands from lake/river beds (man-made land).

List the six factors that affect state power.

Area and location; Climate and natural resources; Size and quality of population; Events in history; Institutions and policies; Alliances, military strength, international prestige.

What is globalization?

Process of interaction and integration among companies, people, governments worldwide; complex and multifaceted; driven by capitalist expansion.

What are the three main types of globalization?

Economic Globalization; Cultural Globalization; Political Globalization.

What does Economic Globalization involve?

International relations; provides goods and services to other countries; can create a single global market.

What is Cultural Globalization?

Integrates culture with other countries; transmission of ideas, meanings, and values; increases interconnectedness.

What is Political Globalization?

Growth of political systems worldwide; includes national and international governance; the importance of the nation-state is declining.

What is Financial Globalization?

Linked with the rise of global financial and monetary exchanges (e.g., stock markets).

What is Sociological Globalization?

Info moves in real time, connecting people worldwide (e.g., media like Squid Game).

What is Technological Globalization?

People are connected through the digital world (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, YouTube).

What is Geographic Globalization?

Air travel enables global movement and connectivity.

What is Ecological Globalization?

Views Earth as a single entity; all societies should protect the planet; poorer countries suffer more from climate change.

Name two pros of globalization.

Improves standard of living; fosters international trade and collaboration; culture exchange; access to cheaper goods.

Name two cons of globalization.

Outsourcing leading to job loss; erosion of culture; lack of regulation; environmental and health concerns.

Which case concerns the South China Sea arbitration by the Philippines against China?

PCA case no. 2013-19 under UNCLOS Annex VII.

What is the 9-Dash Line in the South China Sea dispute?

China's historical rights line; the tribunal deemed it illegal and invalid and exceeding UNCLOS limits.

What are the maritime features considered in the PH v. China case?

Rocks; Islands; Low-tide elevations / submerged banks.

What did the tribunal say about pre-existing historic rights?

They no longer exist as they are not compatible with UNCLOS and exceed geographic limits.

What does UNCLOS Annex VII relate to in this context?

Arbitral mechanism for resolving disputes like the South China Sea case.

Who filed the South China Sea arbitration case?

The Philippines.

What is Mischief Reef, Subi Reef, and Second Thomas Shoal classified as in this context?

Low-tide elevations / submerged banks (not creating EEZ or Continental Shelf).

What is the Continental Shelf (CS) distance mentioned in the notes?

24 nautical miles.

What activity by China did the court declare illegal in relation to the South China Sea dispute?

Fishing endangered fish.

What is Ideology?

A consistent pattern of opinion based on core beliefs; a plan to improve society.

What are the Left, Right, and Centre classifications in politics?

Left: radicals seeking change; Right: conservatives; Centre: moderates.

Who is associated with Classical Liberalism and the Wealth of Nations?

Adam Smith; concept of the Invisible Hand and non-interference by government.

Who argued that government should govern least and wrote about liberty?

Thomas Jefferson.

Who is considered the Father of Modern Socialism?

Francois-Noel Babeuf.

What is the core claim of Marx and Engels in the Communist Manifesto?

All history is the history of class struggle; economic/material forces drive human activity.

What is Dialectical Materialism?

Change and progress occur through the clash of conflicting economic forces.

What is Social Democracy?

Evolutionary socialism; Bernstein; welfare measures; nationalization is not mandatory; welfare states.

Who are key figures in Anarchism mentioned in the notes?

Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin.

What is Utopian Socialism?

Two groups: (1) Socialist/Communist/Marxist and (2) Anarchists.

What is Nationalism as described in the notes?

Devotion to one’s country; started during the French Revolution; can be weak due to issues like unemployment; may lead to fragmentation.

What is Fascism?

Extreme form of Nationalism with a dictator, one-party rule, and controlled economy; anti-democratic.

What are the Left, Right, and Centre classifications based on in the French Assembly model?

Left radicals abolish monarchy; Right conservatives preserve monarchy; Centre is moderate.

What do Populism and Libertarianism oppose/favor in government role?

Populism: government protects people’s money and traditional values; Libertarianism: government should not control personal values or manage the economy.