AP Statistics Unit 3 Review

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from Unit 3 of AP Statistics, including study types, sampling methods, biases, and experimental design.

Observational Study

A study where researchers observe and record data without influencing the responses.

Experiment

A study in which researchers impose a treatment (explanatory variable) on subjects.

Parameters

Quantities that describe a population.

Statistics

Quantities that describe a sample.

Random Selection

The process that allows us to choose a sample from the population, ensuring every individual has an equal chance of being selected.

Single Blind Experiment

An experiment where the participants do not know which treatment they are receiving, but the researchers do.

Double Blind Experiment

An experiment where neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving which treatment.

Simple Random Sample

A sampling method where every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.

Stratified Sample

A sampling method where the population is divided into homogenous groups (strata), and a simple random sample is taken from each stratum.

Cluster Sample

A sampling method where the population is divided into heterogeneous groups (clusters), and a simple random sample of clusters is selected.

Systematic Sample

A sampling method that uses a pattern to select samples.

Convenience Sample

A sampling method where samples are chosen based on ease of access, often leading to bias.

Biased Sampling Methods

Sampling methods that lead to a sample that is not representative of the population.

Leading Question

A question that suggests a particular answer or leads respondents toward a certain response.

Replication

The repetition of a study to ensure the reliability and validity of results.

Control Group

A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, used as a baseline to compare results.

Placebo Effect

The phenomenon where participants experience a response simply because they believe they are receiving treatment.