TEAS 7 (Respiratory Sys)

respiratory sys

organ system that brings O2 into the body, removes CO2, and helps maintain acid base balance

respiration

process of exchanging O2 and CO2 between the body and the environment

ventilation

movement of air into and out of the lungs

gas exchange

movement of O2 and CO2 by diffusion between the lungs and blood

nose (nasal cavity)

filters, warms, and moistens incoming air by mucus and hair (microscopic cilia)

pharynx

passageway for air and food that connects the nasal cavity to the larynx

larynx (voice box)

contains vocal chords and directs air into the trachea

epiglottis

flap of cartilage that closes over the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

trachea (windpipe)

tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi

• rings/cartilage keeps airway open and allow air to pass through

bronchi

2 main airways that branch from the trachea into each lung

bronchioles

smaller branch of the bronchi that carry air to the alveoli

alveoli

tiny air sacs where O2 and CO2 are exchanged between the lungs and the blood

• surface area and rich blood supply makes effective for gas exchange

right lung

3 lobes

left lung

2 lobes to make room for the heart

pleura

double layered membrane surrounding the lungs that reduces friction during breathing

pleural cavity

fluid filled space between the pleural membranes

diaphragm

primary muscle of respiration that contracts to draw air into the lungs

intercostal muscles

muscles between ribs that assist with breathing by expanding and compressing the chest

conducting zone

transport air from outside environment to the site of gas exchange

“anatomical dead space” because no gas exchange occurs in area

respiratory zone

where gas exchange takes place

O2

gas needed by cells for cellular respiration and ATP prod

CO2

waste gas produced during cellular respiration removed through exhalation

diffusion

movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

external respiration

exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood

internal respiration

exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and body tissues

inhalation/inspiration

diaphragm contracts and flattens

rib cage expands

chest cavity volume increase

air flows into lungs

exhalation/expiration

diaphragm relaxes and domes upward

rib cage falls

chest cavity volume decreases

air leaves the lungs

hemoglobin

protein in RBC that carries O2 from lungs to body tissues

tidal volume

amount of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath

vital capacity

max amount of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest possible breath

medulla oblongata

brainstem region that controls rate and depth of breathing

cilia

tiny hair like structures that move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways

mucus

sticky substance that traps dust, bacteria, and other foreign particles

airflow system order

nose — > pharynx —> larynx —> trachea —> bronchi —> bronchioles —> alveoli

perfusion

delivering blood to body’s tissues, organs, and cells

hyperventilation

pH basic

increase O2

decrease CO2

hypoventilation

pH acidic

decrease O2

increase CO2