Cannabis and Its Effects

This flashcard set covers key concepts and facts about cannabis, its chemical components, effects on the body, extraction methods, disorders related to its use, and historical performance-enhancing drugs.

What are cannabinoids found in cannabis responsible for?

They interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system to produce effects like relaxation, pain relief, and altered perception.

What is the psychoactive component of cannabis?

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most pharmacologically active and psychoactive component.

What is the role of Cannabidiol (CBD) in cannabis?

CBD is a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid that has been shown to be an effective antiseizure medication and limits some effects of THC.

Where is THC concentrated in the cannabis plant?

THC is concentrated in a resin found in tiny hairs called trichomes, which are most abundant on the flowers of the female plant.

What is hashish?

Hashish is a concentrated product made by scraping or breaking off trichomes, with THC concentrations of up to 65%.

How is THC traditionally extracted from cannabis?

By soaking the plant in ethanol, which is then filtered and evaporated to leave behind hash oil.

What are common methods for extracting THC today?

Most commercial extraction facilities use liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) for producing oils like ‘budder,’ ‘wax,’ or ‘shatter.’

What are the THC concentrations in Hash Oil?

Hash oil can have THC concentrations of up to 80%.

What are the two main receptors cannabinoids bind to?

Cannabinoids bind to CB1 receptors primarily in the brain and CB2 receptors found in the immune system.

What are some physiological effects of cannabis consumption?

Increased heart rate, cognitive disruption, increased appetite ('munchies'), and altered social interaction.

What are some cannabis-related disorders?

Cannabis Use Disorder, Cannabis Intoxication, Cannabis Withdrawal, Other Cannabis-Induced Disorders.

What is the effect of cannabis on driving ability?

Cannabis can impair driving ability, leading to increased accident risk.

What substance is used to enhance the performance of athletes historically?

Stimulants like strychnine, cocaine, and amphetamines have been used to enhance performance.

How does strychnine affect the body at low and high doses?

At low doses, it acts as a central nervous system stimulant; at high doses, it can cause seizures and death.

What advantages does amphetamine have for athletes compared to other stimulants?

Amphetamines are more potent than caffeine, longer-lasting than cocaine, and considered safer than strychnine.