Adrenal Gland: Mineralocorticoids

what is the primary mineralcorticoid produced in the adrenal cortex?

aldosterone

what does aldosterone regulate?

homeostasis of Na+, K+, H+ , water homeostasis, blood volume and blood pressure, pH

What are the main stimuli for renin-angiotension- aldosterone system?

hypotension, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, increases sympathetic activation

what are the effector cells of aldosterone?

epithelial cells in the distal tubules and collecting ducts, and the large intestine

what does aldosterone bind to in the cytoplasm?

mineralocorticoid receptors

what effect does aldosterone electrolyte balance in the cell?

Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, thereby helping to maintain electrolyte balance in the body.

what are the primary mechanisms of action of aldosterone in the kidneys?

stimulation of sodium reabsorption and excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions, leading to increased blood volume and pressure.

what does prolonged exposure of aldosterone affect?

It can lead to hypertension and hypokalemia due to excessive sodium retention and potassium loss.

what does excessive production of aldosterone lead to?

hypervolemia, systemic arterial hypertension, and hypokalemia due to increased sodium retention.

what is metabolic acidosis?

A condition characterized by a decrease in blood pH due to excess acid or loss of bicarbonate, often resulting from kidney dysfunction or lactic acid buildup.

how does excessive production of aldosterone lead to hyporeflexia?

Excessive aldosterone can lead to hypokalemia, which decreases the excitability of nerve and muscle cells, resulting in reduced reflexes.

what is a common consequence of hyperaldosteronism in a cat?

increased sodium retention and hypokalemia

what does aldosterone deficiency cause?

sodium and water loss, potassium and ion retention which can lead to hypovolemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis

what does hyperkalemia do to the neuromuscular cells?

skeletal muscle shivering