Health and Society tings

What is the professional attitude expected of medical staff and students?

To make care of your patient your first concern, protect and promote health, provide a good standard of care, treat patients as individuals, work in partnership with patients, be honest and act with integrity, and maintain confidentiality.

What is the definition of medical professionalism?

A set of values, behaviours and relationships that underpins the trust that the public has in doctors.

What is the regulatory role of the GMC?

To protect, promote and maintain public health and safety by ensuring proper standards in the practice of medicine.

What is patient-centred care?

Care that is responsive to the wants, needs, and preferences of the patient.

What are the six criteria of patient-centred care?

Explores patients' main reasons for visit, seeks integrated understanding of the patient's world, finds common ground and mutually agrees on management, enhances prevention and health promotion, enhances the continuing relationship between patient and doctor, and is realistic.

What is the sick role?

The rights and responsibilities of patient and doctors during a consultation.

What is evidence-based decision making?

Integrating clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.

What are the four ethical principles in healthcare?

Autonomy, Non-maleficence, Beneficence, and Justice.

What is autonomy in healthcare?

The right of patients to make their own decisions regarding their medical treatment.

What is the difference between disease and illness?

Disease refers to what is wrong with the body, while illness pertains to how the patient experiences that disease.

What is the precautionary principle?

Action should not be taken if the consequences are uncertain and potentially dangerous.

What is the role of health promotion?

To enable people to increase control over, and improve, their health.

What is the definition of stigma?

A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.

What are the major roles of physiotherapists?

Impairment assessment and management of conditions.

What is the importance of causation in healthcare?

It explains why things happen and helps in preventing disease by removing the cause.

What are medically unexplained symptoms (MUS)?

Physical symptoms that are not explained by organic disease.

What is addiction?

Continued repetition of a behaviour despite adverse consequences.

What is the gini coefficient?

A measure of inequality based on the area between the Lorenz curve and the perfect distribution.

What are the three types of epidemiology?

Descriptive, Analytical, and Experimental.

What is the bolam principle?

Practitioners are not negligent if they act in accordance with the practice accepted by a responsible body of medical opinion.

What is the therapeutic approach to chronic illness?

Focus on managing the investigation, treatment and rehabilitation of long-term conditions.

What is health literacy?

The cognitive and social skills determining an individual's ability to access, understand, and use health information.

What is informed consent?

Voluntary agreement given by a competent patient who has been fully informed about the treatment.

What does the Mental Capacity Act of 2005 focus on?

Determining who has capacity to make decisions about their own healthcare.

What is a qualitative study?

A study that seeks to understand people's perspectives and motivations.

What are the symptoms of dependency syndromes?

Salience, Compulsion, Tolerance, Withdrawal, Relief after abstinence, Narrowing of repertoire, Reinstatement upon absence.

What is regression towards the mean?

If a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to average on its second.

What is health behaviour?

Activities people perform to maintain or improve their health.

What is social cognition theory?

A theory suggesting that attitudes are developed and modified based on assessments about beliefs and values.

What does systematic review involve?

Identifying all relevant studies, assessing their quality, and synthesizing findings to answer a specific research question.

What is the role of community development in health promotion?

Locally based initiatives that empower communities to produce and distribute resources.

What is eugenics?

The practice of improving a population by controlled breeding to encourage desirable heritable characteristics.

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?

Quantitative data deals with numbers and measurable forms, while qualitative data deals with descriptions and characteristics.

What is the purpose of legislation in health promotion?

To enact laws that promote public health and wellbeing.

What are the barriers to healthcare seeking?

Access to services, transportation costs, social stigma, and attitudes of healthcare staff.