Bacterial Growth and Physiology

the energy used by bacteria is obtained by ____ or _____, and nutrients are obtained by "______"

respiration; fermentation; uptake

revisit slide 3

….

with oxygen, many bacteria can use the ___ ____ to add far more energy through ____ ____ this results in the production of ATP by ____ ____.

Krebs Cycle; electron transport; oxidative phosphorylation

pyruvate is completely ____ to ____ via the ____ ___

oxidized; CO2; Krebs cycle

revisit slide 5

….

what happens in fermentation

carbs or other macromolecules are completely oxidized, with pyruvate being converted into organic acids

what is fermentation useful for to researchers

identifying bacteria biochemically

certain bacteria can also use ____, ____, _____, and other ions rather than oxygen as final electron receptors

nitrate, sulfate, carbonate

the use of oxygen or other electron acceptors allows ___ ___ ___ and advantages in different environments

more efficient growth

3 basic types of bacteria concerning oxygen requirements

facultative anaerobe (can grow in presence or absence of O2)

obligate anaerobe (can NOT tolerate oxygen)

strictly aerobic (require oxygen)

Genus ______: lack peptidoglycan, have a small size and genome. these cause pneumonia and contribute to pelvic inflammatory disease

mycoplasma

genus ______: two cell forms, require ATP from host cells, cause eye infections, urethritis, and genital infections or pneumonia

chlamydiae

binary fission may result from two types of septa, and what do they result in?

polar septum result in cells arranged in chains

random septum and cell division results in cells arranged in clusters

equation for bacterial growth at certain time points

draw an arithmetic bacterial growth curve

draw an exponential bacterial growth curve

describe the 4 phases of bacterial growth

not all the cells in a bacterial population are _____.

growing

cells that divide slowly are (easier/harder) to kill

harder

Describe unipolar growth (5 stages)

what is an alternative to binary fission that occurs in a few Gram + bacteria when nutrients become limited or environmental conditions become stressful

sporulation

asymmetric cell division (not binary fission) to produce a tough survival form

sporulation

most bacteria that undergo sporulation are Gram ____

positive

what about sporulation is beneficial to the bacterium?

they are metabolically inert,

they become more resistant to solar radiation and drying

they still contain all the component necessary for regeneration and vegetative growth like a seed or cyst

describe the steps of sporulation (5 steps)

___ ____ are the most resistant to disinfecting chemicals of viral and other cellular infectious agents

bacterial spores

what is the one thing more resistant to disinfecting chemicals than bacterial spores?

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease particles (prions)

rather than _____ ____ _____ and ____ ____ in tubes, bacteria in nature more often live on surfaces as ____ _____

classic binary fission; exponential growth; mixed communities

a structured community of micro-organisms that is adhered to a surface and enclosed in carbohydrate and proteins

biofilm