Unit 2: Types of Matter Honors

Vocabulary flashcards covering atomic structures, subatomic particles, physical properties, compounds, and mixtures from page 1 of the lecture notes.

Physically

In a way that changes how something looks or feels, but not what it is made of.

Magnetically

Using a magnet to move or separate things that are attracted to magnets.

Particle

A very tiny piece of something.

Evaporation

When a liquid slowly turns into a gas.

Filtration

A way to separate solids from liquids using a filter.

Density

How much mass is packed into a certain amount of space; how heavy something is for its size.

Element

A substance made of only one kind of atom (like oxygen or gold).

Pure substance

Matter that is made of only one kind of material with the same properties throughout.

Diatomic

A molecule made of two atoms of the same element (like $O_2$ for oxygen gas).

Compound

A substance made of two or more elements that are chemically joined.

Pure compound

A compound made of only one type of molecule throughout.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically joined.

Centrifuge

A machine that spins really fast to separate things based on their density.

Negative

A type of electric charge that pushes away other negative charges.

Positive

A type of electric charge that attracts negative charges, the proton is positive

Neutral

Having no charge; not positive or negative, the neutron is neutral

Mass

How much matter is in something, how much "stuff" its made of

Dense

Packed with a lot of matter in a small space.

Atom

The basic building block of all matter and the smallest building block.

Proton

A particle in the nucleus of an atom that has a positive charge.

Neutron

A particle in the nucleus of an atom that has no charge (neutral).

Electron

A tiny particle with a negative charge that moves around the nucleus.

Nucleus

The center of the atom, where protons and neutrons are found.

Electron cloud model

A model showing where electrons are likely to be around the nucleus—not in fixed paths.

Atomic mass unit

A small unit used to measure the mass of particles in an atom.