Anatomy Lab 2- Digestive system

digestive tract (alimentary canal)

The __________________ is composed of a hollow tube that runs from the mouth to the anus and is technically "outside" the body.

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI

organs of digestive tract

accessory organs

The ____________ secrete digestive products into the canal

accessory organs

pancreas, liver, gallbladder, salivary glands

Mucosa

Name B secretion (mucous, enzymes), absorption, and protection (bacteria,enzymes)

submucosa

Name C connective tissue, contains the parasympathetic submucosal plexus

Muscularis

Name D smooth muscle, inner layer = circular, outer layer = longitudinal. Myenteric plexus - more parasympathetic fibers

Serosa

Name E. reduce friction and helps anchor organs in place.

1. Ingestion

2. Digestion

3. Absorption

4. Defecation

functions of the digestive system

oral cavity

name this cavity; teeth are 2123 arranged “dental formula” (32 total teeth)

soft palate

name this

uvula

name this

hard palate

name this

tongue

name this

epiglottis

name this

hard palate

name A

soft palate

name B

uvula

name this

tongue

name F

pharynx

▪ Common passageway for food and air.

▪ Swallowing reflex is initiated here.

▪ Food should not pass into nasopharynx

pharynx

name this

esophagus

About 10 inches long.▪ Lies posterior to trachea against spine

incisors

name this

canine

name this

premolar

name this

molars

name this

skeletal, smooth

esophagus muscles-> superior ________ inferior ______

stratified squamous epithelium

the esophagus is lined with

gastroesophageal

Entrance into stomach is called the _____________ junction

peritoneum

Most of the organs of the abdominal cavity are covered with a serous membrane that is called the

organs, abdominal

The visceral layer is on the _______ and the parietal layer

attaches to the inside of the _________l wall.

left upper abdominal quandrant

stomach lies in the

cardia

name this

fundus

name E

body

name F

rugae of mucosa

name 12

pyloric sphincter (valve) at pylorus

name this

muscularis externa

name this

mucous cells

secrete mucus with coats and protects the stomach lining

parietal cell

secrete HCl- important for protein digestion, and intrisnic factor- vitmain B12 absorption (found in the stomach)

chief cells

secrete pepsinogen - important for protein digestion

endocrine cells

secrete gastrin - important for hunger response

greater curvature

F

lesser curvature

B

rugae

Folds = _______ -> increases surface area, contain gastric pits

churning action

Muscularis layer - has an added oblique layer to add to the _____________ of the stomach

simple columnar epithelium

Mucosa is composed of

duodenum

name this (digestion and absorption)

jejunum

name this (digestion and absorption)

ileum

name this (compaction and absorption)

ileocecal valve

name this

Surface area

plicae circularis (circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa in the small intestine) , villi, microvilli increase

brush bordem

hydrolytic enzymes bound to microvilli and used in digestion

villi

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are broken down to their componentmolecules and absorbed through the

lacteals

Fats are absorbed into specialized lymphatic structures called

cecum

B

ileocecal valve

prevents food from moving back into the small intestine once it has entered the large intestine ( name A)

ascending colon

name D

transverse colon

name F

right colic (hepatic) flexure

name this

left colic (spleric) flexure

name this

descending colon

name G

sigmoid colon

name K

rectum

name B

anal canal

name L

Cecum -> ascending colon -> hepatic flexure -> transverse colon -> splenic

flexure ->descending colon->sigmoid colon->rectum->anus

large intestine pathway

haustra

folds in large intenstine

function of large intesntine

*Consolidate and move unusable fecal material out of the body.

▪ Site of vitamin B and K manufacture by bacteria.

▪ Reclaims most water and some electrolytes from undigested food

parotid gland

name C (anterior to ear, empties above second molar)

submandibular gland

name B (nside arch of the mandible, empties under tongue)

sublingual gland

name this (under the tongue - empties under the tongue)

mucin and salivary amylase

sublingual gland secrete. ______ (lubricates food) and ______ which begins the digestion of starches (carbs)

right lobe of liver

name A

left lobe of liver

name B

falciform ligament

name this

bile, fat

the liver manufactures _____ which emulsifies _____

hepatic portal vein

liver recieves blood from digestive organs via the

stores, concentrates bile

gall bladder function

cystic duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct

Releases bile through __________ which joins the ________ from the liver and makes the ______________

gallstones

Clinically - 5Fs fair, fat, forty, female, fertile - perfect conditions for

pancreas

Lies posterior to stomach in the retroperitoneal space with its head projecting near the duodenum. Pancreatic duct

Produces many important enzymes that are used in the SI.

pancreatic duct

pathway for pancreatic enzymes, joins the common bile duct as the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater)

hepatopancreatic sphincter

From the ampulla there is a sphincter that allows the digestive products into the SI called the _____________________ (sphincter of Oddi)

major duodenal papilla

The ________________ is the opening into the SI.(there is sometimes a minoras well)

pancreatitis

Blockage of any of the pancreas structures mentioned beforecan lead to digestion of pancreas by its own enzymes =

gallbladder

name A

right and left hepatic ducts of liver

name M

cystic duct

D

common hepatic duct

K

major duodenal papilla

B

hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter

name C

main pancreatic duct and sphincter

name E

pancreas

name F

carbohydrate digestion

pancreatic amylase

protein digestion

pancreatic proteases

fat digestion

pancreatic lipase

gastroesophageal junction histology

- esophagus: stratified squamous epithelium

- stomach: simple columnar epithelium

duodenum

name this

colon

name this

submandibular salivary gland

name this