French T2 Grammar

Complete Y1T2 grammar flashcard s :)

The Present Participle

• Formed by adding -ant to the the nous form

• Modifies a noun

• ‘Ing’ in English

The Verbal Adjective

• takes form of present participle, but agrees in gender and number

• E.g des jeux amusants = amusing games

• Often put at the end of sentences

The Gerund

• Form of the PP that is preceded by ‘en’

• Shows simultaneity of 2 actions, conditions for an event to happen, cause of something, time

• Elle s’est bléssée ‘EN’ skiANT

-ING with the infinitive

• After verbs of perception, e.g voir, sentir, -Ing is translated by the infinitive

• E.g je le vois travailler = I see him working

• The only preposition that can come before ‘ant’ is ‘en’, thus the infinitive is used → Sans payer

The Facitive: Se Faire + Infinitive

• Past participle does not agree

• Je les ai fait faire vs je les a fait(e)s

• I did them vs I had them done

The Facitive: Faire + Infinitive

• Shows that the subject does not perform the action of the verb but has it done via another subject.

• We use ‘faire + infin’ to show this

• E.g. Je fais planter deux arbres = I’m having two trees planted

• Laisser + Infinitive → Facitive

• “laisser” follow by an infinitive also makes a Facitive

• Action is not performed by the subject of the verb “laisser”, but via another subject

• Indicated that the subject has less authority

• E.g. Il laisse discuter ses éléves - he allows the students to discuss.

The Restriction

• “ne… que” = only

n’importe qui

anybody, anyone

n’importe quoi

anything

n’importe où

anywhere

n’importe quand

anytime

n’importe comment

whatever

The Infinitive Without Prepositions - when followed by an infinitive

• Modals → vouloir, savoir, pouvoir, devoir

• Faillir → almost

• Verbs of feeling

• Verbs of movement

• Expression “avoir beau”

• expression ‘venir de + infinitive”

I using ‘il est’

• When the adjective that follows introduces an infinitive preceded by ‘de’

• If the subject refers to a specific noun thats already been mentioned

• Time

Using C’est

• When the adjective following the verb isn’t followed by anything

• C’est bon vs il est bon

• When the adjective that follows the verb “etre” introduced an infinitive preceded by the preposition, we use ‘c’est’

• Vague referral to a notion or activity