pathology lab pt1

Diagnosis: Brown Heart Atrophy

organ: heart

Gross:

heart appears small

coronary blood vessles prominant & tortuous

Cut section:

ventricular wall thin

brown myocardium

Diagnosis: urinary bladder hypertrophy due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

Organ: Urinary bladder and Prostate

Bladder:

urinary bladder englarged dialated

thick trabiculated smooth muscle wall

Prostate:

enlarged, grayish pink, firm leading to blader neck obstruction.

Diagnosis: benign prostatic hyperplasia

Outer surface: enlarged nodular prostate

Cut section:

firm, greyish pink, multiple nodules varies size & shape surrounded by fibrous tissue bands

Diagnosis: Barrett esophagus

Organ: Esophagus

Esophageal mucosa above gastroesophageal junction show red velvety patches

Diagnosis: Fatty change liver

Organ: Liver

enlarged, smooth surface with rounded edges

Yellow in color, soft in consistency and greasy to touch.

Diagnosis: Renal infarction (Coagulative necrosis)

Organ: Kidney

A wedge-shaped pale yellow area

Base towards Periphery

Apex towards Hilium

Surrouned by zone of hypermia

Capsule raised due to edema

Diagnosis: Cerebral infarction (Liquefactive necrosis)

Organ: Brain

oval cyst, 2×1cm

filled with nectrotic tissue

surrounded by zone of edema and hypermia

Diagnosis: Tuberculosis kidney (Caseous necrosis)

Organ: Kidney

Outer surface:

kidney enlarged

surface is nodular

capsule is thick and opaque

Cut section:

Cut section:

Shows multiple cavities of variable sizes (0.5 x 0.5 to 3x 3 cms) and shapes (oval and round)

Cavities contain yellow friable, cheese like material (caseous necrosis).

The renal parenchyma is atrophied and compressed by these cavities.

Diagnosis: Dry gangrene of big toe (Gangrenous necrosis)

Organ: Foot

Description:

The big toe is dry, mummified & black

Show line of demarcation and line of separation.

The surrounding skin is pale.

Diagnosis: Pseudomembranous colitis

Organ: Segment of colon

Wall appear edematous and hypermic. - The mucosa is covered partially by thin yellowish pseudomembrane.

Diagnosis: Acute diffuse suppurative appendicitis

Organ: Appendix

Appendix is elongated and edematous.

Serosa is hypermic show focal grey-yellow exudates (pus).

Diagnosis: Chronic cholecystitis

Organ: Gall bladder

Enlarged, thick wall & grey white.

Mucosa is hypermic focally

Contain multiple brown stones.

Diagnosis: Chronic peptic gastric ulcer

Organ: Stomach

Single oval ulcer measuring 2x1.5 cms

Punched out with clean floor and indurated base.

The margins are hyperaemic.

Diagnosis: Tuberculous bronchopneumonia with cavitation

Organ: Lung of a child

Description:

Outer surface: Covering pleura thick and opaque.

Cut section:

lung is heavy & shows areas of consolidation and caseation.

Many irregular cavities largest at mid lung,

oval in shape, 2X4 cms, was full of caseous cheesy material.

The wall is thick, irregular and ruptured into pleura.

Diagnosis: Miliary tuberculosis lung

Organ: Lung

Description:

Outer surface: Pleura is thick, gery-white and adherent.

Cut section: shows multiple greyish-yellow tubercles

1-4 mms in diameter scattered all over the surface.

They contain yellow caseous necrotic material

Diagnosis: Miliary tuberculosis spleen

Organ: Spleen of a child

Description:

Outer surface: Spleen is enlarged. Capsule is thickened, grey-white and adherent.

Cut section: bshows multiple greyish-yellow tubercles 1-4 mms in diameter scattered over surface.

They contain grey-yellow caseous necrotic material.

Diagnosis: Chronic venous congestion liver (CVC) (nutmeg liver)

Outer surface:

Enlarged with tense capsule and smooth surface.

Cut section: Two alternate areas seen throughout liver tissue consist of: Pale yellow (due to fatty change).

Dark-brown (due to congestion).

Diagnosis: Chronic venous congestion of kidney (Beetroot kidney)

Organ: Kidney

Enlarged with tense capsule and smooth surface.

Red-brown in colour especially medulla (as medulla is more vascular).

Diagnosis: Ball thrombus in the left atrium

Organ: Heart

Oval brown loose mass filling the left atrium 3x5 cms.

Diagnosis: Hemorrhagic (red) infarct of lung

Organ: Lung

Lung shows a wedge shaped infarct, well defined, red-brown in colour.

Diagnosis: Multiple old pale infarct of kidney

Organ: Kidney

Kidney show multiple grey depressed firm areas of variable size and shape.

Diagnosis: Multiple old pale infarct of kidney and spleen

Organ: Kidney and spleen

Kidney shows multiple grey depressed firm areas of variable size and shape.

Splenic surface show thick capsule with central grey depressed firm area.

Diagnosis: Cerebral hemorrhage

Organ: Brain

Dark brown oval area of blood 3x2 cms seen in right cerebrum.

Small dark brown blood is also seen in third, lateral ventricles and subarachnoid space.

Diagnosis: Adrenal hemorrhage

Organ: Adrenal gland and kidney

Enlarged gland with marked dark brown hemorrhage.

Peripheral grey rim of remnant adrenal gland.

Diagnosis: Dry gangrene (senile)

Organ: Foot

The little toe is blackish in color.

The rest of the foot is pale with wrinkled skin.

Sharp line of demarcation.

Diagnosis: Dry gangrene (senile)

Organ: Foot

The little toe and big toe are blackish in color.

The rest of the foot is pale.

Sharp line of demarcation.

Diagnosis: Wet gangrene (Diabetic)

Organ: Foot

Lateral part of the foot are swollen and dark red.

Shrunken necrotic little toe.

No line of separation.

Diagnosis: Gas gangrene

Organ: Brain Description:

Multiple cavities of different shapes and sizes (1mm to 1cm).

Empty cavities as they were contain gas and necrotic material.

Diagnosis: Volvulus of small intestine (moist gangrene )

Organ: Small intestine

Small intestine is twisted, swollen and dark-brown in color.

Diagnosis: Strangulated ileum with moist gangrene

Organ: Ileum

Dark brown swollen area, 3 cm in length.

No line of demarcation.

Diagnosis: Ileoileal intussusception

Organ: Small intestine

One segment of intestine is seen enter into another segment.

Inner segment is dark brown swollen with narrow lumen.

Outer segment is pale dilated with thin wall.