Studied by 5 people
Sector Model
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Concentric Zone Model
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Multiple Nuclei Model
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Galactic/Edge City Model
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South East Asian Port City Model
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African Model
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Latin America Model
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illustrates a city growing from a central cbd along transportation corridors that look like wedge shaped pieces of pie
Sector model
reflects declining importance of CBD in automobile era and shows that a city might actually have multiple cbd-type areas, a good fit for sprawling cities.
Multiple nuclei model
commercial spine
high rise area, elite residential sector of the Latin American model is found along this
Blockbusting
Rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood decline after encouraging people of color to move to previously white neighborhoods. In the resulting outmigration, real estate agents profit through the turnover of properties.
Central Business District (CBD)
The downtown heart of a central city that is marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings
Central-Place Theory
Explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another
City
Conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture and economics
Edge Cities
term used to describe the shifting focus of urbanization in the United States away from the central business district toward new loci of economic activity at the urban fringe. These areas are characterized by extensive amounts of office and retail space, few residential areas and modern buildings
Gentrification
The rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low-income inner-city residents...often results in displacement of community's inhabitants
Hinterland
land outside the city; a term that applies to a surrounding area served by an urban center
Megalopolis
Term used to designate large conurbations of people in cities that have grown together
Primate City
A country's largest city-ranking atop the urban hierarchy-most expressive of the national culture and usually the capital city as well. No city even close in population within the country.
Rank-size rule
A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the 2nd largest settlement is 1/2 the population of the largest settlement, the 3rd largest settlement is 1/3 the population of the largest, etc.
Redlining
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.
Suburb
an outlying district of a city, especially a residential one.
Suburbanization
Movement of upper and middle class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions.
World City
Centers of economic, cultural, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance, commerce, and/or culture.
Zoning
Areas of a city with a relatively uniform land use.
Squatter Settlement
An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures
Threshold
The minimum number of people needed to support a business/service
Range
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to buy a product or use a service
Megacities
Cities with more than 10 million people
Infrastructure
The basic framework of a building, business, residence, city, or a system (e.g. roads, sewers, electricity, etc.)
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
region that includes a central city and its surrounding suburbs
Peak Land Value Intersection (PLVI)
The most accessible and costly parcel of land in the central business district and therefore in the entire urbanized area (related to Bid Rent Theory)
Bid Rent Curve/Theory
An economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city center in order to gain greater access to customers
Public Services
Jobs that serve the needs of the public and are offered by the government. ex. police, firefighters, teachers
Exurb
Small communities lying beyond the suburbs of a city
Ghetto
A poor, densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions (originally used to describe an area in Rome for Italian Jews to live)
smart growth
A set of principles for community planning that focuses on strategies to encourage the development of sustainable, healthy communities and limit urban sprawl
urban sprawl
the unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions
conurbation
a continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities (America's Northeast Corridor Megalopolis is a conurbation)
mixed-use development
development that combines housing and businesses in one area/building
New Urbanism
A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities. New urbanism is a reaction to the sprawling, automobile centered cities of the mid twentieth century.
Filtering
process of subdivision of houses and occupancy by successive waves of lower-income people (large single family home-->duplex-->apartment building)
Favela
a slum community in a Brazilian city
food desert
An area that has a substantial amount of low-income residents and has poor access to a grocery store, defined in most cases as further than 1 mile.
Plaza
a public square, marketplace, or similar open space
Commuter
a person who travels from home to work and back
Public Housing
Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to low-income residents, and the rents are set at 30% of the families' incomes.
Segregation
Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
Environmental Racism
patterns of development that expose poor people, especially minorities, to environmental hazards
Gravity Model
A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
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