Introduction and types of microscopes

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Forensic Microscopy Exam

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21 Terms

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Crime laboratory sections (10)

Criminalistics

Fingerprints

DNA

Questioned Documents

Drug analysis

Toxicology

Blood Alcohol

Medical Examiner

Crime Scene Unit

Adminstration

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Forensic Microscopy

The use of various types of microscopes for examinations of physical evidence for forensic purposes

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Forensics

Scientific tests used in connection w/ the detection of crime and/or used in conjunction with legal proceedings

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Evidence

Anything presented in support of an assertion. May be strong or weak.

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Locard’s Exchange Principle

“Every contact leaves a trace”

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Microscope

An optical instrument having a magnifying lens or combination of lense for insepcting objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye

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Types of Microscopes (8)

Simple lens, Compound light, Stereomicroscope, Polarized Light (CLM type), Comparison (CLM type), Confocal, Digital, Electron

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Fracture matching

When an object has been torn, broken, or separated, one piece of it has the potential to match another when placed next to one another.

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Physical Fit Examination

When two pieces of a material are physically fit back together using pattern of the broken edges and surface features.

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Indirect physical match

Wen two pieces of material are matched using surface features such as scratches or extrusion marks

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Dr Juan Vucetich

Conceived of a method of fingerprint classification

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Sir Edward Henry

Fingerprint classification system

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Karl Landsteiner

ABO typing system

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Sir Alec Jeffries

First forensic DNA typing method, “DNA fingerprinting”

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Kary Mullis

PCR, polymerase chain reaction

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Goddard

Comparison Microscope

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Datum

A fixed reference point for all 3D measurements (Ex. corner, post, tree)

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Michel-Levy

Developed a chart that assists in the identification of birefringent materials

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A fluorescing substance contains…

Fluorophores

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Difference between a real image and a virtual image

Virtual Image - The observer looks at the image with a lens that produces an enlarged image


Real Image - One that could be seen on the screen— that is, projected onto the screen

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Name three materials besides air that are isotropic

Gases, liquids, glass, crystals