Introduction into Forensic Psychology

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41 Terms

1

Forensic Psychology

The application of psychological knowledge or methods to the legal system, focusing on evidence, witnesses, and criminal behavior.

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2

Legal Psychology

The branch of forensic psychology that deals with the psychological aspects of legal issues, including jury decisions and witness testimony.

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3

Criminological Psychology

A subfield of forensic psychology that focuses on understanding and reducing criminal behavior.

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4

Forensic Psychologist Myths

Common misconceptions include: they primarily investigate crime scenes or are all profilers.

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5

Psychological Assessment

Evaluations conducted within the criminal justice system to understand offenders' mental states and risk levels.

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6

Expert Witness

A forensic psychologist who provides specialized knowledge or opinion in legal cases.

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7

Risk Assessments

Evaluations used to estimate the likelihood of an offender reoffending, typically used during parole hearings.

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8

Treatment Programs

Intervention strategies designed to rehabilitate offenders and reduce recidivism.

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9

Criminal Justice Process

The series of steps in handling criminal cases, including arrest, trial, and rehabilitation.

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10

Devlin Enquiry (1976)

Recommended psychological research in the identification of suspects during the criminal investigation.

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11

Polygraph Testing

Utilized for lie detection based on physiological responses, yet remains controversial in reliability.

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12

False Confessions

Admissions of guilt by innocent individuals, often resulting from coercive interrogation techniques.

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13

Eyewitness Memory

The reliability of a witness’s account and the factors affecting memory recall during testimonies.

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14

Motivational Interviewing (MI)

A humanistic approach in police interviewing aiming to build rapport and reduce resistance.

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15

Cognitive Biases

Errors in judgment experienced by jurors and witnesses that can influence legal outcomes.

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16

Juries in Criminal Cases

A group of citizens tasked with determining the outcome of trials based on presented evidence.

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17

Behavioral Investigative Advice

Strategic recommendations given to law enforcement based on psychological principles to aid investigations.

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18

Spatial Profiling

Utilizing the geographical locations of crimes to predict likely offender residences.

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19

Juror Selection

The process of choosing individuals to serve on a jury, influencing trial fairness.

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20

Mental Health Assessments

Evaluations performed to identify psychological disorders among offenders.

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21

Veteran Offenders

Individuals with military backgrounds facing specific challenges in the criminal justice system.

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22

Drug and Alcohol Abuse Programs

Intervention initiatives targeting substance abuse among offenders to prevent recidivism.

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23

Pre-trial Publicity

Media coverage prior to a trial that can impact juror perceptions and trial fairness.

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24

Identification Procedures

Methods used to determine whether a witness can accurately identify a suspect in a crime.

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25

Show-ups

An identification procedure where a witness views a single suspect shortly after a crime.

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26

Line-ups

An identification method involving multiple suspect photographs or individuals presented to a witness.

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27

Cognitive Processes in Missing Persons

Understanding how memory and social factors affect the reporting and recovery of missing individuals.

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28

Hot Spot Policing

Strategy focusing law enforcement efforts on areas with high crime rates.

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29

Victim Support Services

Programs aimed at assisting victims of crime and their families through recovery.

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30

Forensic Mental Health Services

Specialized facilities and programs addressing the mental health needs of offenders.

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31

Public Confidence in Police

Trust in law enforcement based on transparency and effectiveness in handling crime.

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32

Interagency Collaboration

Cooperation between various law enforcement and social services to address crime and rehabilitation.

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33

Recidivism Rates

The tendency of previously incarcerated individuals to reoffend or return to prison.

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34

Good Lives Model

A strengths-based approach in offender rehabilitation focusing on individual goals.

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35

Victimology

The study of victims, their experiences, and the impact of crime on individuals and society.

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36

Forensic Psychology Research

Scientific investigation into psychological practices related to legal contexts and criminal behavior.

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37

Positive Treatment Outcomes

Successful results from therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing reoffending.

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38

Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs)

Organizations providing rehabilitation services to offenders as part of the community justice system.

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39

Courtroom Psychology

Understanding psychological factors influencing courtroom dynamics and juror behavior.

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40

Offender Treatment Frameworks

Structured programs designed to guide the rehabilitation process for various offender populations.

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41

Chartered Forensic Psychologist

A status achieved through meeting specific educational and professional criteria within forensic psychology.

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