US History - Unit 5

Causes of the Civil War

Slavery & disagreements if the state governments or federal government should have more power

Dred Scott Decision

2 slaves file for freedom but they are denied. Declares:

1. No longer have to honor “once free always free” line

2. The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

3. Slavery will remain & slaves do not have rights in federal courts

Confederacy

Government formed by Southern states that seceded from the Union

President of the Confederacy

Jefferson Davis

Union

The region that remained with the United States government during the Civil War

Union President

Abraham Lincoln

Border states

5 Southern slave states that chose to stay in the Union

Union advantages

More money, had a navy, farmland for food, more factories

Confederacy advantages

Skilled military leaders, homefield advantage, passion

Who won the election of 1850?

Abraham Lincoln

Battle of Fort Sumter, South Carolina

Union soldiers stuck in South without supplies & if given supplies, Confederacy will fire causing the Southern states to join the Confederacy

What was one of the bloodiest United States wars?

Battle of Fort Sumter, South Carolina

North goal of the war

Reform U.S. & end slavery (for some)

South goal of war

Defend rights against tyrannical federal government & resume slavery

Union war strategies

Capture the other side’s capital, blockade Southern Ports & control the Mississippi, Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Confederate war strategies

Capture the other side’s capital, fight a defensive war, & form alliances with Britain & France

Battles of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Union stopped the invasion of the Confederacy which convinces foreign countries to stay out of the war & boosts Union morale

What was the bloodiest battle?

Battle of Gettsyburg

“One Drop Rule”

One drop of African Ancestry meant the person was black

How was slavery in America different from slavery in other countries?

It was based on race & it was generational

Nat Turner Rebellion

The bloodiest slave rebellion in American history where Nat Turner formed a group to avenge the sin of slavery

The Underground Railroad

A series of secret networks throughout the North & South to help enslaved people escape

William Still

“The Father of the Underground Railroad”

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Union soldiers marched from Atlanta to Savannah, destroying Confederate property until the Confederate general surrenders

Confederate General

Robert E. Lee

Union general

Ulysses S. Grant

Who led Sherman’s March to the Sea?

William Tecumseh Sherman

Who assassinated Lincoln?

John Wilkes Booth

Who was supposed to die with Lincoln?

Andrew Johnson (VP), William Henry Seward (Secretary of State), & Ulysses S. Grant (Union general)

Who were some radical republicans?

Thaddeus Stevens & Charles Sumner

Freedmen’s Bureau

A group formed to overturn Johnson’s plan & provide employment & education to former slaves

Who was the first president to be impeached?

Andrew Johnson

Black codes

A series of laws passed in the South between 1865 and 1866 that were designed to restrict the rights of African Americans

13th Amendment

Slavery is over except as punishment for a crime

The Ku Klux Klan

A secret club of Confederate soldiers that performed terrorist activities by targeting minority racial, religious, & political groups

Lynching

An unlawful murder by a group of people

Military Reconstruction Act

Divided the Confederacy into 5 districts with a Union general in charge of each one

14th Amendment

Anyone born or naturalized in the U.S. is a citizen & has equal protection under laws

15th Amendment

The right to vote cannot “be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

Ku Klux Klan Act

Signed by President Grant & outlawed terrorist activities, allowing the federal government to use force if necessary

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Signed by President Grant & made it a crime for owners of public accommodations to discriminate based on race

Election of 1876

Samuel Tilden VS Rutherford B. Hayes

Compromise of 1877

Hayes becomes president in exchange for removing federal troops from South, ending the Reconstruction Era

Jim Crow Laws

Laws made to segregate based on race & recognize a racial hierarchy

Plessy VS Ferguson

Supreme Court upholds segregation & rules that “separate but equal” is fair

Brown VS BOE

Segregated education violates the 14th Amendment so they overturn Plessy VS. Ferguson in schools