APUSH Unit H

Border States

States that acted as a buffer

Fort Sumner

first battle, Lincoln tried to help small militia but they opened fire

Anaconda Plan

cut off essential supplies from reaching Confederacy

1st Battle of Bull Run

first major battle, ended illusion of short war and made people think that rebels were invincible in battle

Trent Affair 1861

Britain accused U.S. of violating neutrality

Monitor vs. Merrimac

in Virginia, first duel between Warships and beginning a new era of naval warfare

Antietam 1862

Bloodiest battle, kept Europe out of war

“Cotton Diplomacy”

South wanted Britain as an ally by cutting off their cotton supply

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in Confederate states so they could fight in the war

Siege of Vicksburg

a turning point victory in the war, union gained control of NOLA and MS River

Effects of Antietam

significant turning point in the war, as it halted the Confederate Army's advance into the North and provided President Abraham Lincoln with the political momentum needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Lincoln’s primary goal during civil war

preserving the union

Battle of Gettysburg

Union defeated the confederacy and took the offensive

Sherman’s March

Sherman marched through TN, GA, and SC destroying everything and weakening confederate spirits

Grant / Lee / Appomattox 1865

Confederate surrendered to the Union after losing Richmond

Parts of the Anaconda Plan

cut supplies from reaching Confederacy (naval blockade), take control of MS River, conquer Richmond

10% Plan

once 10% of the voters in a Confederate state took an oath of allegiance to the Union, they could form a new state government and be readmitted.

Appomattox

where the confederacy surendered

13th Amendment

Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

14th Amendment

addition to the U.S. Constitution that granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. It aimed to secure the rights of former slaves and address issues related to Reconstruction, ensuring that states could not deny any person due process or equal protection of the laws

15th Amendment

prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on 'race, color, or previous condition of servitude.'

Black Codes

These laws severely restricted the rights of African Americans, limiting their freedom and economic opportunities, while reinforcing white supremacy in the post-Reconstruction era

Freedmen's Bureau

established in 1865 to assist formerly enslaved people and poor whites in the South during the Reconstruction era

Civil Rights Act of 1866

aimed to protect the civil rights of all citizens, particularly African Americans, following the Civil War. This act declared that all persons born in the United States were citizens, regardless of race, and granted them equal rights under the law.

Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan

This plan aimed to restore the political and social order in the South quickly, often granting leniency to former Confederate states and leaders while focusing on a rapid return to normalcy rather than addressing the rights of freed slaves.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

divided the South into five military districts governed by Union generals, enforcing federal authority to ensure compliance with new laws that protected the rights of freedmen. It marked a significant shift in federal policy towards Reconstruction, emphasizing military oversight and the need for Southern states to draft new constitutions guaranteeing voting rights for all men, regardless of race.

Tenure of Office Act

law passed by Congress in 1867 aimed at restricting the president's power to remove certain officeholders without the Senate's approval. This act was primarily created during the Reconstruction era to protect members of President Andrew Johnson's cabinet, particularly those sympathetic to the goals of Reconstruction

Wade-Davis Bill

aimed to impose stricter requirements on Southern states for rejoining the Union, including that a majority of white males in a state must take a loyalty oath before reconstruction could begin. This bill reflected a more radical approach to Reconstruction compared to President Abraham Lincoln's more lenient Ten Percent Plan.