Elementary Mathematics Project Review

Vocabulary flashcards generated from elementary mathematics lecture notes, covering attributes, problem types, addition strategies, properties of addition, subtraction vocabulary, subtraction strategies, and large number concepts.

Attribute

A feature or characteristic that can be used to describe an object.

Non-mathematical attribute

A feature of an object that is not numerical, such as color.

Mathematical attribute

A feature of an object that is numerical, such as the size of angles in a shape.

One-difference train

A classification game where each block added to a sequence differs from the preceding block by exactly one attribute.

Joined problems (Addition)

Story problems where an action increases the number of items.

Separate problems (Subtraction)

Story problems where an action decreases the number of items.

Change unknown

A problem structure where the amount added or taken away is unknown.

Result unknown

A problem structure where the end total is unknown.

Start unknown

A problem structure where the initial value is unknown.

Doubles Strategy

An addition strategy involving adding a number to itself, often extended (e.g., 7+7 to solve 7+8).

Making Ten Strategy

An addition strategy that reconfigures addends to create a sum of ten, making the calculation easier.

Addend

One of the quantities being added in an addition expression.

Sum

The result of adding two or more addends.

Strategies (Mathematics)

Approaches used to compute quickly and easily, often mentally.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure for solving a computation using pencil and paper that works for all problems of a certain type.

Decomposition (Addition/Subtraction)

"Taking apart" and/or rearranging the numbers in a problem to make it easier to solve.

Compensation (Addition)

Changing a problem to make it easier by adding a number to one addend and later subtracting to compensate so the sum is not affected.

Associative Property of Addition

A property stating that the sum of several addends does not change when the addends are grouped differently.

Commutative Property of Addition

A property stating that the sum of two or more addends does not change when they are in a different order.

Friendly number

A number that has zero in the ones place, used to simplify calculations.

Regrouping

Emphasizes equivalent quantities (e.g., ten ones are regrouped into one ten); preferred over "carrying" in addition.

Minuend

A number from which another one is to be subtracted.

Subtrahend

A number which is subtracted from another.

Difference

The result of subtracting one number from another.

Adding up strategy (Subtraction)

A subtraction strategy that involves starting from the subtrahend and counting or adding up to the minuend.

Constant Difference (Subtraction)

The principle that the difference between two numbers remains the same if both the minuend and subtrahend are changed by the same amount.

Partial Differences Algorithm

A subtraction strategy where parts of the subtrahend are successively taken away from the minuend.

Equal Additions Algorithm

A subtraction algorithm that involves adding the same amount to both the minuend and subtrahend to make the problem easier, based on the constant difference principle.

Periods (Number System)

Groups into which numbers are broken (e.g., Trillions, Billions, Millions, Thousands, Ones) to make them more manageable.

Million

The number 1,000,000 or 10^6.