Chemistry Honors: Chap. 2 - Matter and Change

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Matter

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Mass

The amount of matter an object contains (How much “stuff” something has)

Solid

Matter which has a definite shape and definite volume. Not easily compressed.

Liquid

Matter which doesn’t have a definite shape, but has a definite volume. Not easily compressed.

Gas

Matter which has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume. Easily compressed.

Substance

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition (Ex: Sucrose, copper) You can write the chemical formula

Physical Property

A condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. (Ex: color, hardness, density, melting point, boiling point)

Physical Change

A change which alters its material without changing its composition/The substance doesn’t change into a new substance. (Ex: cutting, grinding, bending, splitting, breaking, melting, boiling)

Mixture

A physical blend of two or more substances

Heterogeneous mixture

Does not have a uniform composition/unevenly distributed ingredients

Homogeneous mixture

Has a uniform composition/evenly distributed ingredients

Solution

A homogeneous mixture

Phase

Part of a mixture which has a uniform and definite composition

Elements

The simplest forms of matter that can’t be broken down any further chemically (If it’s an element, it’s on the periodic table) One type atom

Compounds

Substances formed when two or more elements combine chemically with each other. Can be broken down into smaller substances, but only chemically. Two or more different atoms chemically bonded

Chemical Property

The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction to form new substances. (EX: Iron + Sulfur —> Iron sulfide)

Chemical Reaction

AKA chemical change. When one or more substances change into new substances

Products

Substances formed from a chemical reaction

Reactants

Starting substances before a chemical reaction

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a physical change or chemical change, only altered