A Tour of the Cell

Nuclear pores

________: control what enters /leaves nucleus.

Gap junctions

________: channels through which ions, sugar, small molecules can pass.

Peroxisomes Functions

________: break down fatty acids; detox alcohol.

Chromatin

________: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes.

Nucleolus

________: region where ribosomal subunits are formed.

Cristae

________: folds of inner membrane; contains enzymes for ATP production; increased surface area to ↑ ATP made.

Plasmodesmata

________: channels between cells to allow passage of molecules.

Desmosomes

________:"rivets "that fasten cells into strong sheets.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

________: network of membranes and sacs.

Vacuoles Function

________: storage of materials (food, water, minerals, pigments, poisons)

Mitochondria Function

________: site of cellular respiration.

Tight junctions

________: 2 cells are fused to form watertight seal.

Matrix

________: fluid- filled inner compartment.

Nucleus Function

________: control center of cell.

Chloroplasts Function

________: site of photosynthesis.

Bound ribosomes

________: attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell.

Prokaryotic cells

________ engulfed by ancestors of eukaryotic cells.

Large surface area

________ allows increased rates of chemical exchange between cell and environment.

Cells

________ must be small to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio.

Free ribosomes

________: float in cytosol, produce proteins used within cell.

Golgi Apparatus Function

________: synthesis & packaging of materials (small molecules) for transport (in vesicles); produce lysosomes.

Cytoskeleton

________: network of protein fibers.

Rough ER

________: ribosomes on surface.

Rough ER Function

________: package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to Golgi, make replacement membrane.

Cytoskeleton Function

________: support, motility, regulate biochemical activities.

Prokaryotes

Domain Bacteria & Archaea

Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya)

Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals

Nucleus Function

control center of cell

Nuclear pores

control what enters/leaves nucleus

Chromatin

complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes

Nucleolus

region where ribosomal subunits are formed

Ribosomes Function

protein synthesis

Free ribosomes

float in cytosol, produce proteins used within cell

Bound ribosomes

attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum

network of membranes and sacs

Rough ER

ribosomes on surface

Rough ER Function

package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to Golgi, make replacement membrane

Smooth ER

no ribosomes on surface

Smooth ER Function

synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detox drugs & poisons, store Ca2+

Golgi Apparatus Function

synthesis & packaging of materials (small molecules) for transport (in vesicles); produce lysosomes

Cis face

receives vesicles

Trans face

ships vesicles

Lysosomes Function

intracellular digestion; recycle cells materials; programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Vacuoles Function

storage of materials (food, water, minerals, pigments, poisons)

Mitochondria Function

site of cellular respiration

Double membrane

outer and inner membrane

Cristae

folds of inner membrane; contains enzymes for ATP production; increased surface area to ↑ ATP made

Matrix

fluid-filled inner compartment

Chloroplasts Function

site of photosynthesis

Peroxisomes Functions

break down fatty acids; detox alcohol

Cytoskeleton

network of protein fibers

Cytoskeleton Function

support, motility, regulate biochemical activities

Tight junctions

2 cells are fused to form watertight seal

Desmosomes

"rivets" that fasten cells into strong sheets

Gap junctions

channels through which ions, sugar, small molecules can pass

Cell wall

protect plant, maintain shape

Plasmodesmata

channels between cells to allow passage of molecules