2.8 Intelligence Psychology

General Intelligence (g)

One general ability that affects many mental tasks

g Factor

Overall mental ability behind different intellectual tasks

s Factor

Specific ability needed for a particular task

Factor Analysis

Finds patterns/correations between different abilities

Multiple Intelligence

Intelligence consists of several independent abilities

Linguistic Intelligence

Ability to use language and words

Logical-Mathematical

Ability to use logic, numbers, and reasoning

Spatial Intelligence

Ability to visualize and manipulate objects

Musical Intelligence

Ability to understand rhythm, pitch, and tone

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Ability to control and coordinate your body

Interpersonal

Ability to understand other people

Intrapersonal

Ability to understand yourself

Naturalist

Ability to recognize and classify things in nature

Savant Syndrome

Exceptional ability in one area despite low overall IQ

Triarchic Theory

Intelligence has analytical, creative, and practical parts

Analytical Intelligence

Solving logical and academic problems

Creative Intelligence

Creating new and original solutions

Practical Intelligence

Solving everyday, real-world problems

Tacit Knowledge

Knowledge gained through experience

CHC Theory

Intelligence organized into general, broad, and narrow abilities

Fluid Intelligence (Gf)

Solving new problems; tends to decrease with age

Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)

Accumulated knowledge; tends to increase with age

Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

Understanding and managing emotion

Understanding Emotions

Knowing why emotions happen and change

Managing Emotions

Controlling emotional responses appropriately

Using Emotions

Using emotions to help thinking communication

Mental Age (MA)

Age level that matches your performance

Chronological Age (CA)

Your actual age

Standardization

Giving everyone that test under the same conditions

Validity

How accurately a test measures what it should

Construct Validity

Test actually measures intended psychological concept

Predictive Validity

Test accurately predicts future performance

Reliability

How consistent a test’s results are

Test-Retest Reliability

Same test gives similar results over time

Split-Half Reliability

Two halves of a test give similar results

Stereotype Threat

Negative stereotype causes worse test performace

Stereotype Lift

Positive stereotype can improve test performance

Flynn Effect

Average IQ scores increase across generations

Achievement Test

Measures what you have already learned

Aptitude Test

Predicts future ability or performance

Fixed Mindset

Belief that abilities cannot change

Growth Mindset

Belief that abilities can improve with effort

“Yet” Concept

Seeing inability as temporary: “I can’t do it yet.”