Chapter 22: Sustainable Cities

What describes cities with over 2500 people in the population?

urban areas

What describes areas with less than 2500 people in the population?

rural areas

What is the percent of the urban population?

degree of urbanization

What cities are increasing globally, with over 10 million people in their population?

megacities

Which type of urban growth occurs with births exceeding deaths?

natural increase

Which type of urban growth occurs in rural areas, with people “pulled” to urban areas for better lives (emigration) while people are “pushed” from rural areas due to cultural issues?

immigration

Name TWO benefits of urbanization:

biodiversity preservation and high economic feasibility of recycling

Which have warmer temperatures and various precipitation types: cities, suburbs, or rural areas?

cities

What increases flooding in cities?

impervious surfaces

What is a dome of heat trapping pollutants?

dust dome

What is the largest occupational hazard in US urban areas?

excessive noise

What is the harmful sound impairing hearing, especially in urban areas?

noise pollution

What describes an automobile-oriented city with low population density and cheap gas, much land, and highways?

urban sprawl

Name the TWO types of ground transportation:

individual (cars, bikes, walk) and mass (bus, rail)

Name THREE rail system categories:

heavy rail, suburban trains, light rail/tram

What does heavy rail operate on?

tunnels, elevated tracks

Suburban trains connect the _________ ______ with _________________ _______

central city; surrounding areas

Light rails are modern versions of…?

streetcars

What method is used to determine the best use of land?

land-use planning

90% of revenue funding infrastructure comes from…?

property taxes

What method encourages more sustainable development?

smart growth aka ecological land-use planning

Name SEVEN ways to implement smart growth:

limits on building types, mixed-use development, integrate regions, open space protection, taxes land value based on use, tax breaks for owners limiting development, revitalize cities

What type of development is in walking distance of other amenities and often includes single family, duplex, apartment, or town houses?

mixed-use development

Name FIVE methods of making suburbs more sustainable:

no big lawns, small clusters for open space, town center development, plant many trees, more bikes and walks

Which city poses as an example of renewable energy and transport?

Copenhagen, Denmark

Which city poses as an example of green spaces, known as the “Greenest City”?

Curitiba, Brazil

Which city poses as an example of carbon neutrality?

Dongtan, China