Unit 3 Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism

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64 Terms

1
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What is Electrostatics?

The study of electric charges in their stationary form.

2
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What is Electrodynamics?

too few or too many electrons (protons do not move)

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What are the three methods of electrification?

Friction, contact, and induction.

4
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How does friction electrify an object?

By rubbing one material against another (e.g., fur against a rod).

5
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How does contact electrification occur?

When a charged object physically touches another object, transferring charge.

6
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What is induction in electrification?

The rearrangement of electrons in an uncharged object due to the presence of a charged object.

7
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What are the laws of electricity?

  1. Unlike charges attract; like charges repel.

  2. Electrons travel on the outside of a conductor.

  3. Charges concentrate on the sharpest curvature.

  4. Electrostatic force is proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

8
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What is Coulomb’s Law formula?

EF = k (Q₁Q₂ / d²)

9
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What is voltage?

The potential energy possessed by a charged object; measured in volts (V). It represents potential difference in a circuit.

10
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What is a conductor?

A material that allows electrons to flow through it, like copper or silver.

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What is an insulator?

A material that hinders electron flow, like rubber or wood.

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What is a superconductor?

A material that allows electrons to flow with zero resistance (e.g., titanium).

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What is Ohm’s Law?

V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance)

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In Ohm’s Law, what does I = V/R represent?

Current = Voltage divided by Resistance

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In Ohm’s Law, what does R = V/I represent?

Resistance = Voltage divided by Current

16
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What is a series circuit?

A circuit with only one path for current to flow; current is constant throughout.

17
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What happens if one part of a series circuit breaks?

The current stops flowing.

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What is a parallel circuit?

A circuit with two or more paths for current; voltage is the same across all branches.

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What happens if one branch in a parallel circuit breaks?

Current can still flow through the other branches.

20
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What is electrical power?

Work done per unit of time; measured in watts (W).

21
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What are the formulas for electrical power?

P = IV and P = I²R

22
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What is the difference between AC and DC?

DC flows in one direction (e.g., batteries). AC reverses direction (e.g., wall outlets).

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What is the frequency of AC in the U.S.?

60 Hz

24
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What factors influence resistance?

Wire length, cross-section, material, and temperature.

25
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How does wire length affect resistance?

Longer wire = more resistance.

26
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How does cross-sectional area affect resistance?

Smaller cross-section = more resistance.

27
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How does temperature affect resistance?

Higher temperature = more resistance.

28
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What is magnetism?

The ability of a material to attract iron.

29
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What is a magnetic domain?

A group of aligned atomic magnets within a material.

30
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What is the SI unit of magnetism?

Tesla (T)

31
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What are the 3 types of magnets?

Permanent, temporary, and electromagnets.

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What are the magnetic laws?

  1. Every magnet has North and South poles.

  2. Like poles repel; unlike poles attract.

  3. Magnetic force is proportional to pole strength and inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

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What are the magnetic classifications of materials?

Ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic.

34
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What is susceptibility?

The ability of a material to be magnetized.

35
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Which has high susceptibility: wood or iron?

Iron.

36
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What is retentivity?

The ability of a material to remain magnetized.

37
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Which has higher retentivity: hard iron or soft iron?

Hard iron.

38
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What are magnetic lines of force?

Invisible lines representing the magnetic field; flow from one pole to another.

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What is an electromagnet?

A magnet created and controlled by electricity.

40
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What did Oersted discover?

A magnetic field surrounds a moving electric current.

41
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What is Faraday's First Law?

A current is induced by a moving magnetic field.

42
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What factors affect the magnitude of induced current?

Speed, magnetic strength, angle, and number of coil turns.

43
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What is mutual induction?

When a magnetic field induces current in a nearby coil.

44
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What is a generator?

A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

45
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What is a motor?

A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

46
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What is an induction motor used for?

Rotating the anode in x-ray tubes.

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What are the parts of an induction motor?

Rotor and stator.

48
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What is a transformer?

A device that changes voltage/current using AC.

49
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What are the parts of a transformer?

Primary coil, secondary coil, and core.

50
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What is a mutual induction transformer?

One that induces voltage/current in the secondary coil via a changing magnetic field in the primary coil.

51
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What is a self-induction transformer (autotransformer)?

A single coil acting as both primary and secondary.

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What is the transformer voltage law formula?

VS / VP = NS / NP

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What is the transformer current law formula?

IP / IS = NS / NP

54
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What is a step-up transformer?

A transformer with more turns in the secondary coil to increase voltage.

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What is a step-down transformer?

A transformer with fewer turns in the secondary coil to decrease voltage.

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What are the 3 types of transformer construction?

Open core, closed core, and shell core.

57
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Open Switch

The circuit is switched OFF

Open (break) the circuit without disconnecting the wires

<p>The circuit is switched OFF</p><p>Open (break) the circuit without disconnecting the wires</p>
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Closed Switch

The circuit is switched ON

Closed (complete) the circuit

<p>The circuit is switched ON</p><p>Closed (complete) the circuit</p>
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Transformer

A device used to change the voltage and current in an electric circuit

<p>A device used to change the voltage and current in an electric circuit</p>
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Resistor

Electrical component use to reduce or resist the flow of electricity

<p>Electrical component use to reduce or resist the flow of electricity</p>
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Diode

Electronic device allow current to flow in one direction only

<p>Electronic device allow current to flow in one direction only</p>
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Battery

DC supply of voltage and current, usually made of many cells

<p>DC supply of voltage and current, usually made of many cells</p>
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Voltmeter

A device used to measure potential difference, must be put in parallel

<p>A device used to measure potential difference, must be put in parallel</p>
64
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Ammeter

A device used to measure the current flowing through a circuit, must be in series

<p>A device used to measure the current flowing through a circuit, must be in series</p>