Bio Ch.7

Innate Immunity

Acts against any type of invading agents

Adaptive Immunity

Defenses when one specific to a particular infectious agent

Phagocytes

Are WBCs that ingest other cells

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death or cell suicide

Antibodies

Proteins with specific antigen binding sites

Immunization

The process of inducing immunity to a specific disease by exposing the body to antigens

Vaccine

A substance that contains on antigen to which the immune system responds

What are the functions of your lymphatic system?

• Lymphate system drains extracellular fluid into the venous system

• Absorbs fats and send them to the blood

• Defense

6 Organ of the Lymphatic system and functions primary organs:

Primary-

1. Red bone marrow:

   • Produces all blood cells

   • Site of maturation of B-cells

2. Thymus

   • Produces hormones

   • Site of maturation of T-cells

   Secondary organs:

   1. Spleen:

      • filters the blood

      • macrophages eat up debris, pathogens, old cells

   2. Lymph Nodes:

      • Contains WBCs to fight infection

   3. Tonsils

      • Lymphatic tissue that contains immune

   4. Peyer patients:

      • Intestinal lymphatic tissue

3 physical defenses of our immune system and how they protect us from infection

1. Skin:

   • Keratinized, waterproof epidermis keeps pathogens out

   • Exfoliation

2. Microbes can be flushed out of the system by coughing, sneezing, vomiting, diarrhea, tears, saliva, and urination

3. Mucous membranes:

   • Cover surfaces exposed to the outside air

4 chemical defenses of our immune system and they prectect us from infection

1. Sebum:

   • Acidic oil of the skin

2. Lysozyme:

   • Antibacterial enzyme

   • Saliva, tears, sweat

3. Gastric juices:

   • Acidic pH is your #1 defense against intestinal pathogens

4. Inflammatory response:

   • White blood cells and chemical signals respond to infection or injury

Inflammation

What is the role of histamine in inflammation?

The purpose of inflammation is to mobilize and attract WBCs to the site of injury, set in motion repair mechanisms, and destroy microbes and prevent further invasion.

The role of histamine in inflammation is it causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

What role do phagocytes play in your immune system?

Phagocytes are WBCs that ingest other cells, they engulf and destroy dead cells, cellular debris, and microbes

What role do natural killer cells play in our immune system?

• WBCs that reognizes virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

• Natural killer cells trigger cell death by apoptosis

How do interferon proteins work?

They activate antiviral enzymes

Compare the primary vs secondary response of your adaptive immune system.

B lymphocytes:

• Mature in the bone marrow

• produce antibodies

T lymphocytes:

• Mature in the thymus

• Don’t produce antibodies

• Can kill cells directly

Both B and T cells must learn to distinguish “self” cells from “nonslef” cells

What are the functions of antibodies?

1. Nuetralize toxins

2. Clumps or “agglutinates” antigens

3. Attracts phuycytes

4. Inflammation

What are the tyoes of T cells and functions?

1. T helper cells: secrete important chemicals used in activation of B and T cells

2. Cytotoxic T cells: Directly kill cells

3. Memory T cells: Wait for the next encounter

What is the purpose of a vaccination?

The purpose of vaccination is to train the immune system to recognize viruses and bacteria without causing the disease.

Why do you not get sick with the disease you are being vaccinated against?

We don’t get sick because the disease itself doesn’t accur because agent has been weakened.