The Pathway of Air

Nose

opening to the body

nasal cavity

space that warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air by removing dust and other particles

Pharynx

acts as a pathway for air to travel from the nose and mouth

trachea

transports air to the lungs

Rings of cartilage

keeps the airways open and prevents it from collapsing

Bronchi

keeps airways open and is a path for air to move in and out of the lungs and makes breathing possible

Bronchiale

final branching tube in lungs that carry air to alveoli

Alveoli

transfers oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood into the air to be exhaled

Lungs

main job is gas exchange - brings oxygen from the air into the blood and remove waste carbon dioxide from the blood

ribs

protects the lungs

intercostal muscles

contracts and expands the ribcage

diaphram

a large sheet of muscles that contracts/ relaxes causing air to enter and leave the body

what does most of the work for ventilation rates

the diaphram

inspiration

breathing in (inhalation)

expiration 

breathing out (exhalation)

6 stages to breathe in

1. diaphragm contracts downwards

2. the intercostal muscles contract (between ribs)

3. Ribs are pulled up and out

4. more volume is created in the thorax

5. the air pressure in lungs lower than outside air pressure

6. Air is then pushed in from outside

how do people in dirty work places alveoli look

they turn from grapes to one sac because there are less surface area

adaptations of the alveoli

• mucus lined 

• lining of alveolus one cell thick

• rich blood supply

mucus lines

allows oxygen to diffuse out of the air and into the blood stream

lining of alveolus one cell thick

good for quick diffusion of gases

rich blood supply

allows for oxygen to be carried to muscles speedily